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Advertising to Children（1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what
题目
Advertising to Children （1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want.（2）All it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way. （3） In a campaign entitled "Kids are the Star"， its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants. The reason for this， naturally， was not that the McDonald's corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere， but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits. The way that advertisers target children is simple big， bright lights， happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. （4）They do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a Costum and make-up， and that behind the counter of every McDonald's is a bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay. This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions， or at least it should. （5）How do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children， who act as advertisers themselves when they encourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product？ 5.（）
- A、While manipulating children into believing lies， especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods， is obviously bad， the purpose of business is to make money
- B、The superficial reactions children get from eating McDonald's last about as long as they are at the place
- C、McDonald's at one stage advised employees to specifically target children
- D、Children are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world
- E、Anyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to
- F、This is because children are naive； they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them
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第1题：
According to the surveys in the U. S., _____.
［A］ bullying among adults is also rising ［B］ parents are not supervising their children well
［C］ parents seldom believe bullies ［D］ most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying
正确答案：B
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第2题：
共用题干
The Differences Among Various Types of Adoption
In the US,there is a difference between public and private adoption.Public adoption typically involves taking _________ (51) foster（收养的）children and then adopting them after several months.It's significantly less expensive than private or international adoption,but more often than not_______(52)adopting children who are older than 5 or who have_______(53)needs.
Private adoptions offer a better chance of adopting newborns,and increasingly,birth parents _______(54)the adoptive parents themselves.That's not a bad idea on its face,as it gives biological parents_______ (55)say in whom they will relinquish（放弃）their children. But this effectively puts_______(56)parents in the position of advertising themselves to birth parents in newspapers and online,_______(57)many couples feel uncomfortable with.
Most states allow birth parents to reclaim their children_______(58)the children have been placed with adoptive families,for time periods ranging from a few days in some states to several months in others.Critics of international adoption say this rarely happens.They are only_______ (59)right:it's true that American birth parents don't usually reclaim their children once they've been placed with their adoptive families,but they can and do_______(60)their minds before the papers are signed.
International adoption is more expensive than any form of domestic adoption,but in many ways, it is also more straightforward.The_______(61)of a birth parent calling the adoption_______ (62)are effectively zero and while costs are high,they're also determined at the_______(63) and tend not to change as the_______(64)wears on.
Couples seeking to adopt should consider all_______(65)and get a range of perspectives before deciding which method is best for them._________(60)
A:make
B:put
C:change
D:set答案：C解析：本题考查对上下文的理解和动词短语辫析。第一段第一句提到：在美国，公共收养和私人收养的小孩之间存在差异，下面一句是沿着这个主题的进一步说明。选项D in与take组成短语take in“收留”符合上下文的要求。因此本题的正确选项应该是D。其余选项与take组成的短语的意思是：选项A take over“接管、接受”，一般指权利的移交；选项B take back“收回”；选项C take on“呈现”。
本题考查对上下文的理解和动词辫析。本空所在句句首的but表转折，说明接下来要解释其他不同的状况，所以选B means“意味着”。注意此空前面的more often than not是一个词组，表示“通常、常常”。选项A advise“建议”，公共收养有固有的规定，而不是建议；选项C admits“承认”；选项D considers“考虑”，主语一般都是人。
本题考查对上下文的理解和形容词辫析。这句话的意思是：公共收养的花费远比私人收养和国际收养的花费低，但公共收养的对象常常是5岁以上或者是有特殊需要的孩子。but的出现说明这句话内容上有要强调的部分，所以needs前选择选项B special “特别的”，符合题意。所以正确答案是选项B。不选其他选项的原因分别是：选项A precise “精确的”和选项C distinctive“独特的”一般都是表示特指；选项D occasional“偶尔的”修饰的是频率，在此不恰当。
本题考查对上下文的理解和动词辫析。这句话的意思是：私人收养提供一个能够收养新生儿的机会，而且越来越多的亲生父母开始亲自为孩子选择养父母。选B的依据是下句话：从表面上来看，这种做法很不错，因为这使得亲生父母有决定孩子给谁收养的最终权利。因此，此空需要一个表达选择意思的词，所以选项B select“选择”是正确答案。其他选项的意思分别是：选项A seal“密封”；选项C support“支持”；选项D delete"删除”。
本题考查对上下文的理解和形容词辫析以及短语识别。这句话的意思是：从表面上来看，这种做法很不错，因为这使得亲生父母有决定孩子给谁收养的最终权利。选C的依据是：(the) final say是固定搭配，表示“最终决定权”，所以选项C final“最终的”是正确答案。
本题考查对上下文的理解和形容词辫析。这句话的意思是：但这实际上是迫使想收养小孩的父母在报纸和网络上打广告，向孩子的亲生父母宣传自己，这会让许多夫妻感觉不舒服。此空中的形容词形容的是parents，且与后面的birth parents有联系，应该是有意愿收养的父母，所以选项B prospective“潜在的”是正确答案。其他选项的意思分别是：选项 A respective“各自的”；选项C subjective“主观的”；选项D constructive“建设性的”。
本题考查对上下文的理解和语法知识。这句话的意思是：但这实际上……感觉不舒服。因为上一个分句已经是一个完整的句子，此空选择选项C something, 指代上一个分句的内容，同时作本分句的先行词。
本题考查对上下文的理解和语义逻辑。这句话的意思是：美国大多数州都允许亲生父母在将孩子交给养父母家后的一定时间内要回自己的孩子，时间期限从一些州的几天到其他州的几个月不等。“要回孩子”是在把孩子送出去以后再去要回来，所以选择选项D after“在……之后”。所以选项D是正确答案。
本题考查对上下文的理解和副词辫析。由下一句的句子格式“it's true that...but...”可知只是部分正确而已，所以选择选项A partly“部分地”。选项B justly“恰当地” 和选项C basically“基本地”与后面的but矛盾；而选项D accidentally“偶然地”则意思不符。所以选项A是正确答案。
本题考查对上下文的理解和动词短语搭配。这句话的意思是：的确，美国的亲生父母一旦将孩子交给养父母家，通常都不会要回孩子，但在签协议之前他们可以而且常常会改变主意。选C的依据是change one's mind“改变某人的主意”是固定搭配。若用make, 则应该是make up one's mind“下定决心”;put/set one's mind to是“全神贯注于……，专心于……”的意思，所以选项A、B、D均不符合题意。
本题考查对上下文的理解和名词辫析。这句话的意思是：亲生父母取消收养的可能性几乎为零。选C的依据是：此空是句子的主语，而句子的表语是zero“零”, chances有“可能性”之义，代入此处表示“可能性为零”，符合语义。所以选项C是正确答案。其他选项的意思分别是：选项A hopes“希望”，选项B capabilities“能力”，选项D choices“选择”，均不符合文意。
本题考查对上下文的理解和短语辫析。各选项与call组成的短语意思分别是：call off“取消”;call on“拜访、号召”;call up“打电话、召集”;call for“需要、提倡”。联系上文的reclaim their children，这里应该是表示“取消收养”，选off。所以选项A off是正确答案。
本题考查对上下文的理解和短语固定搭配。选C的依据是：根据句末的 wears on可推断此处的时间顺序在前，at the outset“在开头时”符合语义，所以选项C是正确答案。其他选项与at the搭配的意思分别是：选项A at the corner“在拐角处”；选项B at the moment“此刻"；选项D at the time“那时候”。
本题考查对上下文的理解和形近名词辫析。本句的意思是：亲生父母取消收养的可能性几乎为零，而且由于费用高，他们在一开始便会做好决定，在收养过程中一般不会改变主意。wear on表示“继续进行下去”，所以这里选择选项C process“过程”。不选择其他选项的原因分别是：选项A procedure指的是具体程序和步骤，与语义不符；选项B profile “外形，侧面”；选项D project“项目”。
本题考查对上下文的理解和名词辫析。选择B的依据是：对应后半句的 which method，可知寻求收养的父母是有多种方法可以选择的，所以选B options“选择”。situation“情况、事态”与后面的method并不对应；schedule“工作的安排、计划”; proposal比较正式的“建议，提案”。 -
第3题：
Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_____A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
B.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
C.children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood
D.parents need to respond to children's emotional needs答案：D解析：根据题干关键词“still face experiment”可以定位到第三段第二、三、四句，其中第三句介绍了这个实验的过程和发现，指出母亲由正常交流变得面无表情时，孩子为吸引母亲关注变得越来越苦恼，第四句中罗德斯基点评父母应该对孩子情感需求的言语或非言语表达足够敏感并有所反应，由此可知，“静止面部实验”表明父母应该回应孩子的情感需求，正确答案为D。 -
第4题：
Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_____A.give their parents some free time
B.make their parents more creative
C.help them with their homework
D.help them become more attentive答案：A解析：根据题干关键词Tronick和kid’s use of screens可以定位到第四段第二句。定位句指出，特罗尼克认为，尽管孩子可能无法从电子设备上学到东西，但是不能因此就认为它没有价值，因为这可以给父母时间来洗澡、做家务，或者只是从照顾孩子的过程中获得休息时间，也就是获得一些自由时间，由此可知，正确答案为A。 -
第5题：
共用题干
A Powerful Influence
There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly______(1) doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are______(2)to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be______(3) to their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time______(4) their computers?
Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,______(5) in some game,in-stead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should______(6) of the Internet,and the child should give his or her______(7) that it won't interfere with homework.If the child is not______(8) to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic______(9)dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much dif-ferent from______(10) any other soft of bargain about behaviour.
Any parent who is______(11) alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to______(12)the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not ______(13)affect a child's performance at school.Even if a child is______(14)crazy about using the Internet, he or she is probably just______(15) through a phase,and in a few months there will be some-thing else to worry about!1._________
A:always
B:rarely
C:never
D:ever答案：D解析：此句意为“在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情”，其中hardly ever为固定搭配，意为“几乎不”等同于never，所以答案为D。
考查固定搭配。A项be worried about sth.意为“对……表示忧虑”；B项beconcerned about意为“对……感到担心”；D项hopeful意为“有希望的”，与句意不符；而C选项be curious to sth.意为“对……表示好奇”，与句意一致。故选C。
harmful泛指伤害，而hurt强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选B。
四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at表示“盯着看”,glance at表示“漂一眼”, look泛指看，watch有观察之意。本句意为“孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看”，故选A。
考查固定搭配。此句意为“如果孩子在电脑前花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏不是做功课。“A项suppose to…意为“猜想”；B项occupy on sth.表示“专注于某事”，C 项interest in意为“对……感兴趣”，而D选项be absorb in sth.表示“沉浸在……”，与句意相符。故选D。
考查固定搭配make use of sth.表示“利用”，故选C。
考查固定搭配。此句意为“……并且孩子应该保证这不会影响他的功课。” A项word“诺言”；B项promise“许诺”；C项vow“发誓”；D项claim“声称；断言”。give word to = promise表示“许诺”，符合句意。故选A。
此句意为“如果孩子没坚守这个安排……”，从句子的意思上看这里有“坚持”的意思，所以应该在A和B之间选择，hold to表示“坚持”,stick to表示“坚持（信念，理想）”，故选A。
固定搭配take step to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。
此句意为“……这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。”A项 dealing意为“处理”；D项arranging意为“安排，排列”；只有B选项negotiating意为“谈判，协商”与句意相符。故选B。
从句子的意思上看这里有“严重”之意，只有C表示此意。A项widely“广泛地”,B项heavily“沉重地”,D项broadly“广泛地”均不符合句意。
从句子的意思上看这里有“讨论”之意，discuss sth.with sb.表示“与某人讨论某事”,debate sth.with sb表示“和某人辫论某事”，故选B。
从句子的意思上看这里有“必要”之意，consequently表示“结果是”，故选B。
absolutely表示“完全地”，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除B, quite表示“相当”，根据上下文选择A。
考查固定搭配。此句的句意为“……他也许仅仅是在度过一个时期，几个月以后家长还会有其他事情去担心。”B项passing与though搭配意为“穿越”；C项traveling 与though搭配意为“经过”；D项walking与though搭配意为“走过，草率地处理”；而A选项 go through意为“度过”，与句意相符。故选A。 -
第6题：
Advertising to Children （1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want.（2）All it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way. （3） In a campaign entitled "Kids are the Star"， its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants. The reason for this， naturally， was not that the McDonald's corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere， but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits. The way that advertisers target children is simple big， bright lights， happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. （4）They do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a Costum and make-up， and that behind the counter of every McDonald's is a bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay. This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions， or at least it should. （5）How do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children， who act as advertisers themselves when they encourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product？ 1.（）
- A、While manipulating children into believing lies， especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods， is obviously bad， the purpose of business is to make money
- B、The superficial reactions children get from eating McDonald's last about as long as they are at the place
- C、McDonald's at one stage advised employees to specifically target children
- D、Children are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world
- E、Anyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to
- F、This is because children are naive； they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them
正确答案:D -
第7题：
单选题Advertising to Children （1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want.（2）All it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way. （3） In a campaign entitled "Kids are the Star"， its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants. The reason for this， naturally， was not that the McDonald's corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere， but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits. The way that advertisers target children is simple big， bright lights， happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. （4）They do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a Costum and make-up， and that behind the counter of every McDonald's is a bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay. This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions， or at least it should. （5）How do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children， who act as advertisers themselves when they encourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product？ 1.（）AWhile manipulating children into believing lies， especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods， is obviously bad， the purpose of business is to make money
BThe superficial reactions children get from eating McDonald's last about as long as they are at the place
CMcDonald's at one stage advised employees to specifically target children
DChildren are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world
EAnyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to
FThis is because children are naive； they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them
正确答案： C解析： 空格后讲到不仅是因为他们容易受到广告的吸引，也会说服父母购买商品。因此第一句应交代出they 指代的是谁，以及有关advertisement与they的关系。综合比较D项最符合。答案为D。 -
第8题：
单选题Advertising to Children （1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want.（2）All it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way. （3） In a campaign entitled "Kids are the Star"， its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants. The reason for this， naturally， was not that the McDonald's corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere， but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits. The way that advertisers target children is simple big， bright lights， happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. （4）They do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a Costum and make-up， and that behind the counter of every McDonald's is a bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay. This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions， or at least it should. （5）How do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children， who act as advertisers themselves when they encourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product？ 2.（）AWhile manipulating children into believing lies， especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods， is obviously bad， the purpose of business is to make money
BThe superficial reactions children get from eating McDonald's last about as long as they are at the place
CMcDonald's at one stage advised employees to specifically target children
DChildren are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world
EAnyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to
FThis is because children are naive； they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them
正确答案： A解析： 空格前一句讲到当孩子想要得到广告中的商品的时候，会百般央求自己的父母直到他们因烦恼而同意购买。其中prod（v.戳、捅或催促）和annoy（v.烦恼）与E项中的pester（v.百般纠缠，使烦恼）所表现出的语境一致，都是指孩子在纠缠父母买自己喜欢的物品时的场景。答案为E。 -
第9题：
__________ Chinese parents, western parents are also concerned about children′ s health.A.As to
B.In common with
C.Contrary to
D.But for答案：B解析：考查介词短语辨析。as to“至于，关于；就……而论”，in common with“与……一样”，contrary to“与……相反，违反”，but for“要不是，如果没有”。句意为“与中国的父母一样，西方的父母也很关心孩子们的健康”。故选B。 -
第10题：
Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_____A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
B.teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
C.ensure constant interaction with their children
D.remain concerned about kid's use of screens答案：C解析：根据题干关键词oppressive ideology和requires parents可以定位到第四段第一句。定位句指出，特罗尼克本人对儿童使用电子设备的担忧源自于一种“要求父母应该随时与其子女互动的压制性意思形态”：“这是基于一个从某种程度上带有想象的，极其苍白的和中上层社会阶级的意识形态，这种意识形态认为如果你不能让自己的孩子接触到30000个词汇，那你就是忽视了他们。”由此可知，他提到的这种意识形态要求父母保持与孩子之间的经常性互动，故正确答案为C。 -
第11题：
Text 2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices____A.takes away babies’appetite
B.distracts children’s attention
C.slows down babies’verbal development
D.reduces mother-child communication答案：D解析：根据题干关键词food-testing exercise可以定位到第二段第一、二句。定位句说明，罗德斯基通过食物测试活动来研究就餐时间使用移动电话和平板的影响，结果发现在活动中使用这些设备的母亲与孩子之间的言语交流减少了20%，非言语交流减少了39%，由此可知，母亲使用电子设备会减少亲子间的交流，故正确答案为D。 -
第12题：
共用题干
A Powerful Influence
There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly______(1) doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are______(2)to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be______(3) to their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time______(4) their computers?
Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,______(5) in some game,in-stead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should______(6) of the Internet,and the child should give his or her______(7) that it won't interfere with homework.If the child is not______(8) to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic______(9)dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much dif-ferent from______(10) any other soft of bargain about behaviour.
Any parent who is______(11) alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to______(12)the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not ______(13)affect a child's performance at school.Even if a child is______(14)crazy about using the Internet, he or she is probably just______(15) through a phase,and in a few months there will be some-thing else to worry about!4._________
A:staring at
B:glancing at
C:looking
D:watching答案：A解析：此句意为“在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情”，其中hardly ever为固定搭配，意为“几乎不”等同于never，所以答案为D。
考查固定搭配。A项be worried about sth.意为“对……表示忧虑”；B项beconcerned about意为“对……感到担心”；D项hopeful意为“有希望的”，与句意不符；而C选项be curious to sth.意为“对……表示好奇”，与句意一致。故选C。
harmful泛指伤害，而hurt强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选B。
四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at表示“盯着看”,glance at表示“漂一眼”, look泛指看，watch有观察之意。本句意为“孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看”，故选A。
考查固定搭配。此句意为“如果孩子在电脑前花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏不是做功课。“A项suppose to…意为“猜想”；B项occupy on sth.表示“专注于某事”，C 项interest in意为“对……感兴趣”，而D选项be absorb in sth.表示“沉浸在……”，与句意相符。故选D。
考查固定搭配make use of sth.表示“利用”，故选C。
考查固定搭配。此句意为“……并且孩子应该保证这不会影响他的功课。” A项word“诺言”；B项promise“许诺”；C项vow“发誓”；D项claim“声称；断言”。give word to = promise表示“许诺”，符合句意。故选A。
此句意为“如果孩子没坚守这个安排……”，从句子的意思上看这里有“坚持”的意思，所以应该在A和B之间选择，hold to表示“坚持”,stick to表示“坚持（信念，理想）”，故选A。
固定搭配take step to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。
此句意为“……这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。”A项 dealing意为“处理”；D项arranging意为“安排，排列”；只有B选项negotiating意为“谈判，协商”与句意相符。故选B。
从句子的意思上看这里有“严重”之意，只有C表示此意。A项widely“广泛地”,B项heavily“沉重地”,D项broadly“广泛地”均不符合句意。
从句子的意思上看这里有“讨论”之意，discuss sth.with sb.表示“与某人讨论某事”,debate sth.with sb表示“和某人辫论某事”，故选B。
从句子的意思上看这里有“必要”之意，consequently表示“结果是”，故选B。
absolutely表示“完全地”，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除B, quite表示“相当”，根据上下文选择A。
考查固定搭配。此句的句意为“……他也许仅仅是在度过一个时期，几个月以后家长还会有其他事情去担心。”B项passing与though搭配意为“穿越”；C项traveling 与though搭配意为“经过”；D项walking与though搭配意为“走过，草率地处理”；而A选项 go through意为“度过”，与句意相符。故选A。 -
第13题：
共用题干
A Powerfu Influence
There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly______(51)doing anything else in their spare time .Naturally,parents are______(52)to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be______(53)for their children .Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time______(54)their computers?
Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed______(55) some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should______(56)use of the Internet,and the child should give his or her______(57)that it won't interfere with homework.If the child is not______(58) to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic______(59)dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from______(60)any other soft of bargain about behaviour.
Any parent who is______(61)alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to______(62)the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily______(63)a child's performance at school.Even if a child is______(64)crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just______(65)through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!58._________
A:. holding
B: sticking
C: following
D: accepting答案：A解析：此句句意为“在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情”，其中hardly ever为固定搭配，意为“几乎不”等同于never。
考查固定搭配。其中A选项worried意为“忧虑的”;B选项concerned意为“担心的”;D选项hopeful意为“有希望的”；而C选项be curious to sth．意为“对……表示好奇”，与句意一致。故选C。
harmful泛指伤害，而hurt强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选B。
四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at表示“盯着看”,glance at表示“缥一眼”, look泛指看，watch有观察之意。本句句意为“孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看”，故选A。
考查固定搭配。此句句意为：如果孩子在电脑上花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏，而不是做功课。D选项be absorbed in sth．表示“沉浸在……”。故选D。
考查固定搭配make use of sth．表示“利用”。
考查固定搭配。此句意为“……并且孩子应该保证这不会干预他的功课。” , A选项 word意为“诺言”;B选项promise意为“许诺，允许”;C选项vow意为“发誓”;D选项 claim意为“声称；断言”，并且give word to = promise表示“许诺”，符合句意。故选A。
此句句意为“如果孩子没坚守这个安排……”从句子的意思上看这里有“坚持”的意思，所以应该在A和B之间选择，hold to表示“坚持”,stick to表示“坚持（信念，理想）”选择A。
固定搭配take step to do sth．意为“采取措施做某事”。
此句句意为“……这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。” A选项deal-ing意为“处理”;D选项arranging意为“安排，排列”；只有B选项negotiate意为“谈判，协商”，与句意相符。故选B。
从句子的意思上看这里有“严重”之意，只有C表示此意。widely表示“广泛地”, heavily表示“沉重地”, broadly表示“广泛地”。
从句子的意思上看这里有“讨论”之意，discuss sth. with sb．表示“和某人讨论某事”debate sth. with sb．表示“和某人辩论某事”。
此句句意为：在电脑屏幕前花费时间不一定影响孩子在学校的表现。affect意为 “影响”。因此B项正确。
absolutely表示“完全地”，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除B , quite表示 “相当”，根据上下文选择A。
考查固定搭配。此句的句意为“……他也许仅仅是在度过一个时期，几个月以后还会有其他事情去担心。” B选项passing与though搭配意为“穿越”;C选项traveling与 though搭配意为“经过”;D选项walking与though搭配意为“走过，草率地处理”；而A 选项go through意为“度过”，与句意相符：故选A。 -
第14题：
Advertising to Children （1） Not only are they easily swayed by advertising， they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kid's locker， they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want.（2）All it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way. （3） In a campaign entitled "Kids are the Star"， its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants. The reason for this， naturally， was not that the McDonald's corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere， but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits. The way that advertisers target children is simple big， bright lights， happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. （4）They do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a Costum and make-up， and that behind the counter of every McDonald's is a bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay. This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions， or at least it should. （5）How do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children， who act as advertisers themselves when they encourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product？ 2.（）
- A、While manipulating children into believing lies， especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods， is obviously bad， the purpose of business is to make money
- B、The superficial reactions children get from eating McDonald's last about as long as they are at the place
- C、McDonald's at one stage advised employees to specifically target children
- D、Children are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world
- E、Anyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to
- F、This is because children are naive； they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them
正确答案:E -
第15题：
问答题Few people would defend the Victorian attitude of children, (1) _______but if you were a parent in those days, at least you know where (2) _______you stood; children were to be seen and not heard. Freud andcompany did away with all that and parents have been bewilderedever since. The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say,but what about the parents’ happiness? Parents suffer constantly with (3) _______fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pull the (4) _______place apart. A good old-fashion spanking is out of the question (5) _______no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity.The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout at: Who knows (6) _______what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poorchild may recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. Soit is that parents bend over backwards to avoid to give their (7) _______children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn’t even beenheard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But theexcessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing moreharm than good. Psychologists have succeeded in underminingparents’ confidence in their own authority. And it has taken children (8) _______long to get wind of the fact. There are countless articles inmagazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advicefly about, parents do nothing at all. And the children take complete (9) _______control. What else can the poor parents do but obey? But thepsychologists have much to answer. They should keep their mouths (10) _______shut and let the parents get on with the job. This will at least helpthe children to develop vigorous views of their own and give themsomething positive to react against.正确答案：
1.of改为to/toward attitude后使用介词to或toward表示“对……的态度”。
2.know改为knew 此处讲的是维多利亚时期的情况,应用过去时态。
3.with改为from suffer from是固定搭配,意为“受……之苦”。
4.pull改为pulling 现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随。
5.old-fashion改为old-fashioned 复合形容词的构成应是“形容词+名词-ed形式”。
6.去掉at at后应该跟动作发生的对象,此处没有针对对象。
7.to give改为giving 动词avoid后面只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式作宾语。
8.将has改为hasn’t 句意:没多久孩子们就发现了这一事实。可见助动词应用否定式。
9.fly改为flying 此处为“with+ sth.+ v-ing”构成的独立分词结构,作状语。
10.在answer后加for answer for对……负责。解析： 暂无解析 -
第16题：
问答题练习1 Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important decision for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it’s all for the benefit of their children. This has led to the result that the children’s growth and education tend to give way to their parents’ wishes. Once the parents decide to sign up an after school class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick on their decision, even their children have no interest in it at all. In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions. Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education, but Chinese parents still need to keep the balance between the parents and children in the perspective of education as the American parents do.正确答案： 在中国,父母总是试图帮助他们的孩子,甚至为他们做重要的决定,而不管孩子想要什么,因为父母相信这样做是为了孩子好。结果,孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的愿望。一旦父母决定为他们的孩子报名参加一个课外班,以增加他们被好学校录取的机会,他们会坚持自己的决定,即使他们的孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国,父母往往尊重孩子的意见,尤其是在做决定的时候。也许中国父母非常重视教育是值得称赞的。但是,他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与孩子之间的关系。解析：
本题考查的翻译要点有：①regardless of，即不管某种情况；②for the benefit of sb意为“为了某人好”；③give way to表示“屈从于”；④lay much importance on意为“非常重视”；⑤keep the balance between…and…意为“保持……与……之间的平衡”；⑥in the perspective of表示“在……方面，涉及……”。