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Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?
题目
Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?
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更多“Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?”相关问题
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第1题：
Other than academic success, what has been your greatest achievement up to date? What do you see as your personal strength, why?
正确答案： -
第2题：
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
"You would rather follow than red" means_______.
a.you don't like to follow others
b.you would be a member rather than a leader
c.you would be afraid of following others
d.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower答案：B解析： -
第3题：
共用题干
Looking to help the environment?Consider the following simple ideas.
Turn off electrical devices when they're not being used.
Turning off,rather than leaving on stand-by,things like your TV and computer will save huge amounts of energy. With this,we can all help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the earth's atmosphere,thereby reducing pollution and global warming.
Share your car.
Rather than traveling to work alone,why not arrange car-sharing with one or more of your friends or colleagues?To give you an example,if you drive a fashionable car,you will use more energy in a year than you would leaving your fridge open for seven years,or your TV on for thirty-two years!Imagine the savings if you shared your car with 2,3 or even 4 other people!
Refuse junk mail.
While we all complain about how much junk mail we get,we very rarely do anything about it. The mail continues to go straight from our letter-boxes into the garbage bin-with 99% of it not even opened.What can you do about this?There are various websites where you can register to receive no junk mail.As well as saving time,you'll also be doing a lot for the environment. Each year,100 million trees are used to produce junk mail. 250,000 homes could be heated with one day's supply of junk mail.
There are many other everyday changes you can make to help the environment. They will cost you nothing,and many will actually save you money!Why not give it a try?We can all help, if we really want to.Even if we want to make some changes to help the environment,we can do nothing.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：关闭不用的电视和电脑可以节约大量的能源。本句话和文章第一个小标题下的内容相一致：切断你家中类似电视和电脑等电器的电源，不要让它们时刻处于待用状态，这样会节省大量能源。
和冰箱、电视相比，开车浪费很多能源。根据Share your car那一段中：当你驾驶着你的时髦小桥车时，你消耗的能源比打开冰箱门7年，或让电视一直开犯年所耗的能源还要多。可以推断出作者是在暗示和冰箱、电视相比，开车浪费很多能源。
因为汽车非常浪费能源，所以我们不应该买车。该文章中并未涉及这一内容。
99%的垃圾信件没有被打开就被扔进了垃圾箱。根据Refuse junk mail那一段的第二句话：垃圾信件还是被我们从信箱中取出然后直接扔到垃圾箱，其中99%的信件甚至从未打开过。可以推断出本句话是正确的。
垃圾邮件的唯一缺陷就是它浪费了我们的时间。根据文章中第四段的最后两句话：这样在节省时间的同时，我们也为环保做出巨大贡献。每年都会有一亿裸树被砍伐来制造垃圾信件。可以得出本句话是错误的。
要保护环境，我们必须要花好多的钱。本句话和文章最后一段第二句话相矛盾：这些改变其实不花费我们任何精力，其中许多还可以为我们省钱。因此是错误的。
即使我们想做些改变去帮助改善环境，我们也无能为力。根据文章最后一句话可以得知只要我们愿意去做，我们都可以做到，本句话和文中内容矛盾，因此本句话是错误的。 -
第4题：
Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?
In addition to revealing a linear order,a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent,and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.
For example.the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations i.e. the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men” or the following two nouns “men and women”.Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference.so it is ambiguous. Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear. So.we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.(NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women.
略 -
第5题：
Why do we say assessment has great backwash effects on foreign language teaching and learning?
Both positive and negative backwash effects. Assessment can provide teachers with feedback for lesson planning and remedial work. Students can also get information about their learning and progress, therefore have a sense of achievement. Through assessment they get to know their problems and areas for further study and improvement. However, inappropriate assessment can cause worries, discourage weak students, emphasis on grades instead of on abilities and competence, etc.
略 -
第6题：
问答题Practice 4Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Since we’re now living in a society where a good education is becoming less important for a high income, the government should not encourage people to go to college any more.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：
【范文】
The Importance of Higher Education The contemporary society has seen a trend of discordance in education. Many college students graduate only to find that they earn much less than their bosses who even have never entered colleges. However, higher education is still valuable for students.
Most importantly, higher education is the source of expertise. Every industry in the society is built on the professional knowledge. If all the staff is poor-educated, who can we depend on to make profits? Colleges can equip students with the most useful and systematical theories. Further, the academic environment in college will provide students with a better opportunity to develop healthy bodies and hearts. What they need to do is to read more and think more for their own pursuits. Thus, they can be stronger to confront the extreme thoughts that may destroy their righteous beliefs in the future. Lastly, good friends and teachers from colleges will help students form right outlook on life and values, which will also benefit their future career.
In summary, higher education will set students a higher start in the future career. If you can not see it now, wait and see that how the better are separated from the good.解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
单选题水手长，我们为什么要开舱盖?（）ABosun, why do we open hatch covers?
BOfficer, why do we open hatch covers?
CBosun, why do we close hatch covers?
DBosun, why do we open hatches?
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第8题：
问答题翻译：We regret to say that your price is on the high side, we do not think there is any possibility of business unless you cut your price by 20%.正确答案： 很遗憾地告知您的价格太高，我们不认为有任何可能性达成成交，除非你方降价20%。解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
问答题Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples?正确答案： In addition to revealing a linear order,a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent,and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.
For example.the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations i.e. the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men” or the following two nouns “men and women”.Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference.so it is ambiguous. Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear. So.we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.(NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women.
解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Practice 4 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. A sense of happiness and fulfillment, not personal gain, is the best motivation and reward for one’s achievements. Expecting a reward of wealth or recognition for achieving a goal can lead to disappointment and frustration. If we want to be happy in what we do in life, we should not seek achievement for the sake of winning wealth and fame. The personal satisfaction of a job well done is its own reward. Assignment: Are people motivated to achieve by personal satisfaction rather than by money or fame? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.正确答案： 【参考范文】
People are motivated by anything with which they equate the increasing of personal satisfaction, and this includes the incentives: money and fame. It would be a great oversight to assume that the two are substitutes for personal satisfaction, but fortune and glory need not be mutually exclusive from individual contentment. Rather, each person possesses a unique standard for achievement; some may strive to succeed in order to gain recognition, or to amass wealth, while others perform accomplishments in order to help the poor or needy, or to give back to society. Regardless of what the motivation is, every human action is aimed at increasing personal satisfaction.
According to the prompt, one ought to seek contentment through achievements without expecting external benefits or recognition, but this theory does not acknowledge the fact that many people in modern (and in past) societies associate fulfillment with the acquirement of material goods and prominence. Materialism and narcissism are behaviors that, when pervasive throughout a society, may erode social fabric and the spirit of humanity in communities. But the desire to achieve success so as to gain riches or fame does not necessarily need to be destructive, nor detrimental to the general population.
Take for example, Donald Trump—real estate tycoon, billionaire, reality-TV star, twice- divorced family man, published author, and many more titles. He began his career as a real estate developer in his father’s company after graduating from the Wharton School of Business, and successfully created a legacy that his son and daughter are continuing. Trump has been a billionaire since 2007, and his role on the reality TV show “The Apprentice” has increased his fame around the world. In his interviews and publications, Trump gives no indication of regretting his pursuit of fortune and glory, nor does he show any sign of slowing down the growth of the Trump empire. Contrary to what the prompt indicates, personal satisfaction may be intimately tied to the achievement of financial surplus and prestige. That is, thousands of people are motivated by money and fame, but for some, personal satisfaction is unattainable without the two because they believe that their happiness will be derived from reputation or treasure.
History is ripe with examples of every kind of motivator—fame, wealth, knowledge, peace, love, safety, etc. Alexander the Great pursued fame and power, President Roosevelt advocated international peace and domestic prosperity and Mother Theresa worked to improve children’s lives. But as Aristotle explained his Ethics, the pursuit of the “good” is wide and varied. Each man may believe that how he lives is the right path to achieving personal happiness. The banker believes he needs money to be happy, while the teacher finds disseminating knowledge to be fulfilling. Regardless of whether a path is correct or wrong, every person is motivated by the common factor of personal satisfaction.解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 11 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. It is easy to make judgments about people and their actions when we do not know anything about their circumstances or what motivated them to take those actions. But we should look beyond a person’s actions. When people do things that we consider outrageous, inconsiderate, or harmful, we should try to understand why they acted as they did. Assignment: Is it important to try to understand people’s motivations before judging their actions? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
Why do people do the things they do? Sometimes it’s not that difficult to understand a person’s motivation; A father may choose to work a second job, which may take him away from his family for long periods of time. He doesn’t want to be an absent father, but he believes that his actions will eventually benefit his family. He is motivated by his love for his wife and children. A mother may choose to forego buying herself new clothes or jewelry so that she can be sure her children have enough to eat, nice clothes, and toys. Her motivation is also her love of her family. But when it comes to people whose motivations are a mystery to us, it is always important to try and decipher their feelings so as to help them (or keep them from hurting anyone else).
What motivates certain people to kill? If we can answer that question, we may be able to identify such inclinations in others and so prevent them from acting out their anger. For surely it is anger that frequently leads to violence. A political assassin, for example, is typically infuriated by the way his country is being run by the current leaders. If there had been some way to know how outraged Lee Harvey Oswald was, or SirhanSirhan, or James Earl Ray, there might have been some way to prevent the deaths of John Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr. If only someone had been able to gain some insight into the workings of Timothy McVeigh’s maddened mind, the tragedy of Oklahoma City in 1995 might have been averted.
In other cases, it is not anger, necessarily, but more likely despair that motivates people to commit desperate acts. In 1995, Susan Smith was convicted of the unspeakable act of drowning her two young sons by rolling her car into a lake with them strapped inside. Later, authorities found out that she herself had had a terrible childhood (she was regularly molested by her stepfather) and twice had tried to commit suicide. If anyone could have understood this tormented woman’s mentality, those two little boys might have been saved.
It is easy to condemn a person for committing a despicable act. It is much harder to discover what their motivation was for acting in such a tragic way, but it is worth the effort.解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题Which of the following is not expressed in the text?AShort answers limit your chances of creating a positive impression.
BAll over the world, candidates are expected to wear a suit to a job interview.
CShowing interest in a company may increase your chances of being offered a job.
DInterviewers can “read between the lines” (that is, they can understand more about us than we say).
正确答案： A解析：
B项“全世界的面试都需要穿西服”在文中并没有提及。 -
第13题：
In looking at the class structure of an entire system, we may find that its inheritance (1) is either wide and shallow, narrow and deep, or balanced. Class structures that are wide and shallow usually represent forests of (2) classes that can be mixed and matched. Class structures that are narrow and deep represent trees of classes that are related by a common ancestor. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach. Forests of classes are more loosely (3) , but they may not exploit all the commonality that exists. Trees of classes exploit this commonality, so that individual classes are smaller than in forests. However, to understand a particular class, it is usually necessary to understand the meaning of all the classes it inherits from or uses. The proper shape of a class structure is highly problem-dependent. We must make similar trade-offs among inheritance, aggregation, and using relation- ships. For example, should the class Car inherit, contain, or use the classes named Engine and Wheel? In this case, we suggest that an (4) relationship is more appropriate than inheritance relationship. Meyer states that between the class A and B," (5) is appropriate if every instance of B may also be viewed as an instance of A. The client relationship is appropriate when every instance of B simply possesses one or more attributes of A". From another perspective, if the behavior. of an object is more than the sum of its individual parts, then creating an aggregation relationship rather than an inheritance relationship between the appropriate classes is probably superior.
A．distinction
B．level
C．grade
D．hierarchy
正确答案：D
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第14题：
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
"They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.
a.besides other facts
b.in regard to other facts
c.not considering other facts
d.according to other facts答案：A解析： -
第15题：
Draw a labeled constituent structure tree diagram for each of the following sentences: 1) The student likes the new linguistics professor. 2) John suggested Mary take the linguistics class.
1)The student likes the new linguistics professor.
2)John suggested (that) Mary take the linguistics class.
略 -
第16题：
Why do we say that reading aloud is not very useful for reading a text in class?
Reading aloud is not very useful for reading a text in class for the following reasons: First, only one student is active at a time; the others are either not listening at all, or are listening to a bad model. Second, students’ attention is focused on pronunciation, not on understanding the meaning. Third, it is an unnatural activity as most people do not read aloud in real life. Last, it takes up a lot of time because students usually read very slowly.
略 -
第17题：
翻译：We regret to say that your price is on the high side, we do not think there is any possibility of business unless you cut your price by 20%.
正确答案: 很遗憾地告知您的价格太高，我们不认为有任何可能性达成成交，除非你方降价20%。 -
第18题：
问答题Practice 10 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. We don’t really learn anything properly until there is a problem, until we make a mistake, until something fails to go as we had hoped. When everything is working well, with no problems or failures, what incentive do we have to try something new? We are only motivated to learn when we experience difficulties. Adapted from Alain de Botton, How Proust Can Change Your Life: Not a Novel Assignment: Does true learning only occur when we experience difficulties? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
On January 15, 2009, Captain Chesley (“Sully”) Sullenberger was piloting a US Airways jet from New York City to Charlotte, North Carolina. A few moments after takeoff, the jet ran into a flock of birds, which knocked out power to both engines. Sully knew he could not make it back to the airport, so he decided to land the plane in the Hudson River. Miraculously, the plane landed intact and stayed afloat long enough to get every single passenger and crew member off safely. Sully is now an internationally known speaker on the subject of airline safety, using the lessons he learned from this most difficult situation to prevent future disasters. As Friedrich Nietzsche so aptly put it, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.”
Indeed, the lessons learned from overcoming difficulties can last a lifetime. In 1886, Helen Keller, who had become deaf and blind after a childhood illness, learned how to communicate with others through the use of sign language (painstakingly learned from her “Teacher, ” Annie Sullivan). This accomplishment affected the rest of Helen’s life: She became the first deaf and blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree from Radcliffe College and went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. Her triumph over her disabilities taught her that any person can change the world, if they truly believe in themselves.
In 1962, the South African apartheid activist, Nelson Mandela, was sentenced to life in prison for his political activities. Did he spend his days bemoaning his fate or complaining how unfair life was? No—he used his time in prison to earn a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of London. Twenty-seven years later, he was released from prison and vowed to use everything he had learned while incarcerated to fight apartheid peacefully and politically. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
There is no doubt that physical pain is an excellent teacher. A child who puts his hand on a hot stove burner will not do so again willingly. (Even the family pet will learn from a similar experience.) But the pain the body feels because of a fall, or a cut, or some kind of illness will eventually wear off. The pain and suffering felt in the mind, however, will last for years, informing all our future actions and teaching us the truly indelible lessons of life.解析： 暂无解析 -
第19题：
问答题Why do we say that reading aloud is not very useful for reading a text in class?正确答案： Reading aloud is not very useful for reading a text in class for the following reasons: First, only one student is active at a time; the others are either not listening at all, or are listening to a bad model. Second, students’ attention is focused on pronunciation, not on understanding the meaning. Third, it is an unnatural activity as most people do not read aloud in real life. Last, it takes up a lot of time because students usually read very slowly.解析： 暂无解析 -
第20题：
问答题Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic. Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allotted. You will have 15 seconds to prepare. Then you will have 60 seconds to speak.Practice 1 Some employers value education over work experience because they say it gives employees a more complete understanding of a specific field. Other employers prefer work experience, saying it proves the candidate can deal with real world challenges. Which do you think is better and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.正确答案： (1)
From my point of view, I think an employer should hire someone who has more experience in a particular field instead of one who receives better education. Employees with more work experience can put practical experience, which they have learned from real world, into current job. Many of the most successful business people have succeeded without the help and benefit of a formal higher education. To some extent, they have been successful through application and experiences, which cannot be taught and acquired in classroom. After making mistakes, even experiencing failure, and then learning lessons from mistakes, employees can learn and grow, and. finally achieve success. So employers should value experience rather than education when deciding between two otherwise promising candidates.
解 析:答案选择了工作经验。开头开门见山地表明了观点,继而用补充说明(further explanation)和两个详细说明(detailed explanation)进行了具体说明。
选择candidate with more experience(经验丰富的求职者)
主题中心词(Topic keywords):real world,practical experience(现实中的实际经验)
补充说明:Successful people without higher education(没有接受过高等教育的成功人士)
详细说明:(1)application,experience(勤勉,经验)
(2)making mistake,achieving success,experiencing, failure(犯错误,获得成功,经历失败的过程)
(2)
Employers should choose a candidate having suitable education to the field or industry, where they are being employed. Education is more important because students are taught certain things in their field, thus they can bring what they have learned to their career. For instance, an accountant is required to apprehend mathematics and the principles of accounting fully, even just to get an entry-level position. Assume someone just has work experience in accounting-related jobs, he might not be lectured the correct way to deal with accounting activities, or he has to waste time and resources to learn on the job. It is better to hire someone who has already acquired profound knowledge and skill set at the very beginning.
解 析:本回答选择了高学历。在开门见山地表明了观点之后,用两个补充说明和详细说明进行了具体论述。
选择candidate who has more education(学历高的求职者)
理由主题中心词:students with certain things within their field(具有专业知识和技能的学生)
①补充说明:accountant with mathematics and accounting skill(具有数学和会计知识的会计师) 详细说明:entry-level position(初级职位)
②补充说明:accounting-related jobs and jobs with numbers(与会计和数字有关的工作)
详细说明:not schooled and waste resources(没有接受过学校教育,会浪费资源)解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
问答题Why do we say assessment has great backwash effects on foreign language teaching and learning?正确答案： Both positive and negative backwash effects. Assessment can provide teachers with feedback for lesson planning and remedial work. Students can also get information about their learning and progress, therefore have a sense of achievement. Through assessment they get to know their problems and areas for further study and improvement. However, inappropriate assessment can cause worries, discourage weak students, emphasis on grades instead of on abilities and competence, etc.解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题AThe reasons why people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.
BThere are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.
CThe number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.
DThere are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.
正确答案： A解析：
细节题。录音提到现在的非阅读者收入高，年龄从26到65岁，不阅读多是因为没时间，故选D。其他没有提及。 -
第23题：
填空题What do you usually say to your new friend at the end of the conversation?We tell him we are happy to ____ him.正确答案： have met解析：
听清提问后，再联系所给信息，可推知是告别时要说的套话，故此处应填have met。做此题时还要注意时态。
【录音原文】
When you talk with new friends, usually there are three parts in the conversation. The first part is greeting. In this part you and your new friend will greet each other and tell each other your names or ex-change name cards. The second part is the conversation itself. Sometimes, the conversation is just a small talk, that is, you talk about unimportant matters, such as the weather, sports, entertainments and other interesting things. But it’s not the time for you to ask about private or unpleasant things. Sometimes the conversation is about important matters like business affairs. The third part of the conversation is the leave taking part. In this part, you tell your new friend that you are happy to have met him or her and then the conversation comes to the end.
Q11: How many parts does a conversation with a new friend usually consist of?
Q12: What do you do in the first part of the conversation?
Q13: What is mentioned as an example of important matters?
Q14: What is usually avoided in the conversation?
Q15: What do you usually say to your new friend at the end of the conversation? -
第24题：
问答题Practice 3 Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. Many among us like to blame violence and immorality in the media for a decline immortals in society: Yet these people seem to have lost touch with logic. Any objective examination shows that our society is far less violent or exploitative than virtually any society in the past. Early humans murdered and enslaved each other with astonishing regularity, without the help of gangster rap or Jerry Bruckheimer films. Assignment: Do violence and immorality in the media make our society more dangerous and immoral? Write an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation.正确答案： 【参考范文】
One of the most misguided notions of conventional wisdom is that depicting violence in the media makes our society more violent. A close examination shows that this claim is baseless. Societies with severe restrictions on violence in the media tend to be more, not less, violent than those with no such restrictions. Indeed, despite the popular myth of a more peaceful past, societies were far more violent before the advent of movies, television, and video games. Societies that restrict access to immoral western movies are the same ones that call their citizens to violent and irrational holy war. As Michael Moore pointed out poignantly in the movie Bowling for Columbine, Americans kill each other with firearms at a far greater rate than al- most any other first-world nation. But he is quick to point out that our media is not more violent than those in Japan or Germany or even Canada, which have rates of violence that are a full order of magnitude lower than ours. Indeed, the killers among us are not likely to spend a lot of time listening to Marilyn Manson or playing Mortal Kombat on their Play- stations, despite what our more nearsighted and sanctimonious politicians and preachers would like us to believe. Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, lived in a one-room shack without electricity or running water, let alone cable. But even if murderers like Kaczynski were video game addicts, attributing their motives to media violence would be missing the point entirely. People who are habitually violent have adopted a war mentality. They tend to see the world in black- and-white, us-against-them terms. Tragically, our leaders tend to have this very same mentality, but they couch it in patriotism. Lobbing cruise missiles and landing marines in another country is not considered a horrible last resort, but a patriotic duty. If we wish to understand why Americans are more violent than the Japanese, violence in the media will hold no answers; Japanese kids watch just as much violence. Foreign policy is far more telling: which country has leaders who engage in violence against other countries at every opportunity, and constantly try to convince us that it’s right? If our pundits and politicians were truly concerned about making a safer world—and there are many reasons to believe they are not, since they profit the most from a fearful citizenry—they would begin by acknowledging that violence is almost a desperate grab for control from a person or people who believe they are being repressed. If we want a more peaceful and noble society, then we will stop coercing other countries with violence and economic oppression. As Franklin Roosevelt said, We have nothing to fear but fear itself. We are the most fearful nation on the planet, and we are paying for it.解析： 暂无解析
