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单选题Some people argue that it would do more harm than good for plants and animals to develop through artificial selection. Which statement best supports this argument?A Roses no longer smell like roses.B Purebred dogs are disappearing.C Humans are harmful
题目
单选题
Some people argue that it would do more harm than good for plants and animals to develop through artificial selection. Which statement best supports this argument?
A
Roses no longer smell like roses.
B
Purebred dogs are disappearing.
C
Humans are harmful agents of plant and animal evolution.
D
Many domesticated plants and animals can no longer survive in the wild.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
C
解析：
题干中指出一些人认为人工选择植物和动物对它们发展造成的危害要大于益处，问文中那个陈述可以支撑这一论点。文章第二段指出人们通过人工选择来使植物或动物进行繁殖，而很多栽培植物和驯化动物在野外已无法生存，因此符合题意。其他选项在文中均未提及。
题干中指出一些人认为人工选择植物和动物对它们发展造成的危害要大于益处，问文中那个陈述可以支撑这一论点。文章第二段指出人们通过人工选择来使植物或动物进行繁殖，而很多栽培植物和驯化动物在野外已无法生存，因此符合题意。其他选项在文中均未提及。
更多“单选题Some people argue that it would do more harm than good for plants and animals to develop through artificial selection. Which statement best supports this argument?A Roses no longer smell like roses.B Purebred dogs are disappearing.C Humans are harmful ”相关问题
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第1题：
Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系 ) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫 ) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚 ) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products form. the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.
1、Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ( ).
A、they can eat its parasites
B、 they depend on the sheep for existence
C、 they enjoy traveling with the sheep
D、 they find the position most comfortable
2、The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).
A、birds and parasites
B、birds and sheep
C、parasites and sheep
D、sheep, birds and parasites
3、What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )
A、Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.
B、 Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.
C、 Some plants depend on each other for foo
D、 Some animals live better together.
4、What does this article talk about? ( )
A、Two kinds of animals for a partnership.
B、Most animals only have connection with animals.
C、The connection between the living things.
D、Corals have some connection with plants.
正确答案：1A 2B 3A 4C
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第2题：
The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that
A．people with dogs did more exercise
B．dogs lost the same weight as people did
C．dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D．people without dogs found the program unhelpful
正确答案：A
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第3题：
共用题干
第一篇
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking,"says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan,"The question is what we will get as a society?I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age一skill,wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom,but less energy.Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now."If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?
A:Spending more time with his family.
B:Having more education.
C:Realizing more dreams.
D:Working longer.答案：B解析：文章详细描述了长寿使我们能够做到的事，选项A、C、D都提到了，仅有选项B，即“长寿可以让人更多地接受教育”没有提到，因此选B。
文章第五段提到“现在人们已经觉得维持婚姻很困难”，这暗示了人们目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱、不稳定。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第八段讲到了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但并没有提到雇主需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。因此选择B项。
文章第九段和第十段详细描述了人们长寿的话会出现的社会问题。选项中仅有C项的表述是正确的。
最后一段中提到Callahan认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞杭衰老的技术，由此可见他对此是持保留的观点。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Ecosystem
1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.
3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Plants,animals and humans are all effective in______.
A: our share of resources
B: a biological creature
C: a given area
D: the maintenance of the ecosystem
E: the source of food
F: various species答案：D解析：文章第二段主要讲根据不同的表层类型和环境类型，有各种不同的生态系统。主题句之后就是介绍不同的生态系统。B项What Are Different Types of Ecosystems? （有哪些不同类型的生态系统？）符合本段主题，故选B。
文章第三段主要讲植物是生态系统中最大的群体，因为它要为所有生态系统的成员制造食物。地球上的植物需要空气和阳光的帮助才能生长，在生长过程中，植物及其果实和花朵最终变成动物、微生物和人类的食物来源，然后食物转化成能量使个体发挥功能，这个过程循环进行，直到生物死亡，在土壤中分解。E项How Does an Ecosystem Work?（生态系统如何运行？）符合本段主题，故选E。
文章第四段主要讲生态系统为所有生物提供最基本的生存模式。我们需要从动植物身上获得食物，我们也需要空气和水来继续生存。动植物和人作为不同的物种，在维持生态系统上都发挥着作用。F项Why Are Ecosystems Important?（生态系统为什么重要？）符合本段主题，故选F。
文章第五段主要讲为了保护生态系统，我们要停止过度使用能源，不应该扰乱动植物的栖息地，应该控制人口数量。A项What Can We Do to Help Protect Ecosystems?（我们能做些什么来帮助保护生态系统？）符合本段主题，故选A。
题干意为“在一个生态系统中，植物、动物和人类共同生活在一定地区。”文章第一段第三句指出，你可以说生态环境是生物，比如植物、动物、人类，共同生活的自然环境。C项a given area（一定地区）与原句意思相符，故选C。
题干意为“在一个生态系统中植物非常重要，因为对于其他生物来说，它们是食物来源。”文章第三段第一句指出，植物是生态系统中最大的群体，因为它要为所有生态系统的成员制造食物。E项the source of food（食物来源）与原句意思相符，故选E。
题干意为“植物、动物和人类在维持生态系统中都发挥作用。”文章第四段最后一句指出，植物、动物和人属于不同物种，我们在维持生态系统中都发挥作用。D项the maintenance of the ecosystem（生态系统的维持）与原句意思相符，故选D。
题干意为“为了保护我们的生态系统，我们应该只使用我们的那份资源。” 文章第五段第一句指出，为了保护生态系统，我们应该停止过度使用能源，除了我们的那份资源外不应该消耗别的资源。A项our share of resources（我们的那份资源）与原句意思相符，故选A。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.
The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested
healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.The person who had tested healthy before the study______.
A: dropped out
B: passed away
C: was found to have cancer
D: was found to remain healthy答案：C解析：第四段尤其第一句明确说到英国的一所医院的研究小组进行这项试验。
第六段第二句说，科学家报告，平均成功率为41%。
第四段最后一句说，尿液的收集来自膀耽癌病人、其他病人和健康人。第八段又说，总共有36位膀耽癌病人和108位其他人参加。
第九段说到，这位以前被检查为健康的人被确认患有癌症，医生查出右肾长有瘤子。
最后一段三个句子分别证明A、C、D三个选项是正确的，只有B项没有提到，根据推理，也不可能是正确的。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Personality and Career
1.When you select your career,there's a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position.If you ignore your personality,it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay.There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job.
2. There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy.Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.
3.Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them,but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life,you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often.Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.
4.There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer,while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day.Again,these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.
5.Some people prefer a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly to being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately.
6.Anyway,these are a great starting point for you.I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love.It may take you a little longer,but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.Paragraph 2_________
A:Do you enjoy working with computers?
B:How do you like to get paid?
C:Do you prefer working alone or with other people?
D:Do you prefer indoor jobs or outdoor jobs?
E:How do you handle change?
F: What type of work environment do you enjoy?答案：C解析：本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是你更喜欢独自工作还是与他人一起工作。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是你如何对待变化。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是你喜欢与电脑打交道吗？
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段大意是你喜欢哪种工作环境。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段第一句和第二句：当你选择职业时，既要考虑技能，又要考虑性格。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第一句后半部分：需要互动的工作也会使一个害羞的人感到不舒服。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第二句和最后一句：" If you need stability..."，反过来，" If you are easily bored of daily routine , you'd better _________”应选A。其他人或许会对一成不变的例行公事感到厌倦。
本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段第一句：有人喜欢一周超过40个小时都与电脑打交道，有人需要一天中有很多人与人的交流和互动。 -
第7题：
共用题干
第二篇
Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like
bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend
can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.
Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small
amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than
in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in
a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They
trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from
biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs
to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying
down next to it,
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.
But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer
patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had
tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency
for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each
year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.The dogs' average success rate was
A:56%.
B:41%.
C:22%.
D:54%.答案：B解析： -
第8题：
共用题干
Ecosystem
1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea-
tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological
organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you
and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are
naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en-
courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a
zoo or garden.
3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because
they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to
help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to
animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest
of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back
in the earth.
4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.
In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living
things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,
animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more
than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,
and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis-
placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.
Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Paragraph 3_______
A: What Can We Do to Help Protect Ecosystems?
B:What Are Different Types of Ecosystems？
C:What Is an Ecosystem？
D: What Destroys Ecosystems?
E:How does an Ecosystem Work?
F: Why Are Ecosystems Important？答案：E解析：由第二段的“There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or en- vironment.Most are naturally made...Some are man-made...”可知该段主要介绍了不同种类的生 态系统。故选B。
第三段讲到，根植于土壤中的植物利用空气和阳光促进自身生长，又成为动物和微生物的食物来源，而动物死后则又分解到土壤中二所以此段讲的是生态系统的工作原理。
第四段的主要内容是，生态系统是一切生物生存的基础，我们需要从中获取各种生存所 必需的物质。
此段主要讲要维护生态系统，我们需要做些什么，从“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy...""Humans should not disturb the natural habitat..."等表述可 以看出来。
由第一段第二句话“An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.”可 看出答案。
山第三段第三句话“When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually be- come a source of food to animals…”可知答案。
由第四段末尾“…we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.”可知答案。effective在 此意为“起作用的”。
由最后一段第一句话“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.”可知答案。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 文章主要讲的是公共上地在美国能源生产方面的重大作用，分别从产量、税收、未开发的传 统能源、替代能源占全国的份额以及能源开发需求等方面进行了介绍。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Ecosystem
1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea-
tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological
organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you
and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are
naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en-
courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a
zoo or garden.
3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because
they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to
help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to
animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest
of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back
in the earth.
4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.
In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living
things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,
animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more
than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,
and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis-
placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.
Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.In an ecosystem,plants,animals and humans live together in________.
A:our share of resourees
B:a biological creature
C:a given area
D:the maintenance of the ecosystem
E:the source of food
F:various species答案：C解析：由第二段的“There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or en- vironment.Most are naturally made...Some are man-made...”可知该段主要介绍了不同种类的生 态系统。故选B。
第三段讲到，根植于土壤中的植物利用空气和阳光促进自身生长，又成为动物和微生物的食物来源，而动物死后则又分解到土壤中二所以此段讲的是生态系统的工作原理。
第四段的主要内容是，生态系统是一切生物生存的基础，我们需要从中获取各种生存所 必需的物质。
此段主要讲要维护生态系统，我们需要做些什么，从“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy...""Humans should not disturb the natural habitat..."等表述可 以看出来。
由第一段第二句话“An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.”可 看出答案。
山第三段第三句话“When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually be- come a source of food to animals…”可知答案。
由第四段末尾“…we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.”可知答案。effective在 此意为“起作用的”。
由最后一段第一句话“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.”可知答案。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 文章主要讲的是公共上地在美国能源生产方面的重大作用，分别从产量、税收、未开发的传 统能源、替代能源占全国的份额以及能源开发需求等方面进行了介绍。 -
第10题：
单选题Why do some people get sick after drinking the water from the river?ABecause the river is polluted
BBecause the river makes the earth more beautiful
CBecause the river can only offer water to animals
DBecause there are too many animals and plants in the river
正确答案： C解析：
题目问的是“为什么一些人在喝了河水之后生病了”，由The river的描述可知，树很难过，因为人类向河水中排放废物，这些废物杀死了许多喝我的河水的动物和植物。一些人喝了这种水也生病了，因此答案为A项，意思是“因为河流受到了污染”。 -
第11题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the result of artificial selection by humanity?AMany new kinds of plants and animals are produced.
BFinancial gain is increased considerably by producing better plants and animals.
CHumans are able to control plant and animal reproduction for humans’ pleasure.
DIt is necessary for humans to maintain the artificial environments.
正确答案： C解析：
第三段最后一句指出人们对动植物进行人工选择的目的是为了“convenience, pleasure, or financial gain of individuals”，因此A、C项内容符合文意；此外，人们通过对动植物进行人工选择使得它们拥有desirable traits，也就创造出了新品种，故A项也正确；只有D项内容在文中未被提及。 -
第12题：
问答题Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 1) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 2) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. 4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.正确答案：
(1)【答案】事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。
【解析】本题需要注意对两个it的翻译,第一个it指的是前文的内容,并且该句开头提到actually(实际上),因此Actually, it isn’t应译为“事实并非如此”,第二个it指的是Do animals have rights?这一提问,因此应译为“这种问法”。
(2)【答案】有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在在于社会契约中,是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
【解析】该句中social contract指“社会契约”;as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements中的as为介词,意为“作为”,该介词短语是对rights的修饰。entitlement应得权益;授权。
(3)【答案】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
【解析】该句开头的it指的是前文中提到的动物权利,因此此处译为“这种说法”;at the outset一开始,当初。此处的invite不能取其平常“邀请”的意思,而应根据上下文译为“使,让”。
(4)【答案】这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
【解析】that引导的从句that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect为view的同位语;in every respect在各方面。
(5)【答案】这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励,而不应遭到嘲弄。
【解析】该题需要注意代词that的指代,即上文中提到的看到动物痛苦时人们的反应,因此应译为“这种反应”。解析： 暂无解析 -
第13题：
Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. ( 10 points)
Do animals have rights.'? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—4or instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.
In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says "I don' t like this contract" ?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48 ) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consider- ation humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form. of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind' s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
46.____________________
正确答案：
[参考译文]事实井非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
[翻译技巧]省略法，非限制性定语从句的译法。
[翻译点评]it指前文所说事实，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对前面整句话内容的说明。
-
第14题：
共用题干
Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long,would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.
This seems a great idea.Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr.Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole."We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is‘What will we get as a society?'I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.
Divorce rates are rising.What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer.And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart.We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer.That would give us the benefits of age-skill,wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs.It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25 -year-old employee be able to communicate with a 1 25 -year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older.There would be more wisdom, but less energy.Young people like to move about.Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to cxperience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less,enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti一ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now.
"If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?
A:Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.
B:More and more people in the US today want to get married.
C:Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.
D:If people live longer,they would stay in marriage longer.答案：A解析：由文章第三段内容可知，延长寿命让人们可以有更多的时间追逐梦想、陪伴爱人、看到自己后代的成长。第四段最后一句又指出，延长寿命还可以使我们工作更久。仅B项的内容在文中没有提到。
由文章第六段前三句的内容可知，如今人们保持婚姻越来越困难，离婚率也在上升。故本题选A。
A、C、D三项的内容都在文章第九段有所涉及，只有B项在文中没有提到。故本题选B。
由文章第十段和第十一段的内容可知，老龄化社会中，社会更关注的是使老年人生活得更安逸，变得拥有更多智慧，但少了一些活力，且缺乏对新事物的好奇和改变的激情。故本题选C。
由文章最后一段的内容可知，Daniel Callahan认为，在没有搞清老龄化社会将带来的问题之前，最好不要急于向这方面发展。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Adaptation of Living Things
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation.Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter,in providing protection,and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms（生物体）that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way,but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class.A plant,for example,depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to
absorb water and inorganic chemicals（无机物）.It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals.These are general adaptations,common to most plants .In addition,there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.Some are hidden by their body color or shape,and many look like a leaf or a little branch.The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings .Many animals .have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting.They may adapt in their structure,func-tion,and genetics;in their development and production of the young;and in other respects.An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals（哺乳动物）,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.Usually adaptations are an advantage,but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change,it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may＿____.
A: help others of their kind get food,shelter and other things needed
B: survive even in extremely severe conditions
C: become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind
D: result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms答案：C解析：根据文章的第一句话“Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.”可以比较容易地得出正确答案是C。
在不认识“environments”的情况下，我们可以通过上下文来猜侧该词的意思。根据第一段内容，主要讲什么是生物适应，其实根据常识也可以判断，适应无非是针对生存环境而言的，那么可以初步断定“environments”意为“环境”。而A项contexts意为“上下文，语境”，C项neighbors意为“邻居”,D项enemies意为“敌人”，都不符合题干要求。B项surroundings出现在倒数第二段“The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings.”因此正确答案是B。
根据第三段的第二句“Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch.”可以判断，动物一般用羽毛或者体表颜色来达到把自己隐藏在环境中的目的，因此答案是D。
根据最后一段的第二句话“They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics;” 可知，A、B、C三项都在文中直接被提到。
根据最后一段的第三句“An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.”可以比较容易地得出正确答案是A。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Ecosystem
1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.
3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than______.
A: our share of resources
B: a biological creature
C: a given area
D: the maintenance of the ecosystem
E: the source of food
F: various species答案：A解析：文章第二段主要讲根据不同的表层类型和环境类型，有各种不同的生态系统。主题句之后就是介绍不同的生态系统。B项What Are Different Types of Ecosystems? （有哪些不同类型的生态系统？）符合本段主题，故选B。
文章第三段主要讲植物是生态系统中最大的群体，因为它要为所有生态系统的成员制造食物。地球上的植物需要空气和阳光的帮助才能生长，在生长过程中，植物及其果实和花朵最终变成动物、微生物和人类的食物来源，然后食物转化成能量使个体发挥功能，这个过程循环进行，直到生物死亡，在土壤中分解。E项How Does an Ecosystem Work?（生态系统如何运行？）符合本段主题，故选E。
文章第四段主要讲生态系统为所有生物提供最基本的生存模式。我们需要从动植物身上获得食物，我们也需要空气和水来继续生存。动植物和人作为不同的物种，在维持生态系统上都发挥着作用。F项Why Are Ecosystems Important?（生态系统为什么重要？）符合本段主题，故选F。
文章第五段主要讲为了保护生态系统，我们要停止过度使用能源，不应该扰乱动植物的栖息地，应该控制人口数量。A项What Can We Do to Help Protect Ecosystems?（我们能做些什么来帮助保护生态系统？）符合本段主题，故选A。
题干意为“在一个生态系统中，植物、动物和人类共同生活在一定地区。”文章第一段第三句指出，你可以说生态环境是生物，比如植物、动物、人类，共同生活的自然环境。C项a given area（一定地区）与原句意思相符，故选C。
题干意为“在一个生态系统中植物非常重要，因为对于其他生物来说，它们是食物来源。”文章第三段第一句指出，植物是生态系统中最大的群体，因为它要为所有生态系统的成员制造食物。E项the source of food（食物来源）与原句意思相符，故选E。
题干意为“植物、动物和人类在维持生态系统中都发挥作用。”文章第四段最后一句指出，植物、动物和人属于不同物种，我们在维持生态系统中都发挥作用。D项the maintenance of the ecosystem（生态系统的维持）与原句意思相符，故选D。
题干意为“为了保护我们的生态系统，我们应该只使用我们的那份资源。” 文章第五段第一句指出，为了保护生态系统，我们应该停止过度使用能源，除了我们的那份资源外不应该消耗别的资源。A项our share of resources（我们的那份资源）与原句意思相符，故选A。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.
The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested
healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?
A: It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.
B: It can be identified only by dogs.
C: It kills more than 100,000 people each year.
D: It is mainly caused by smoking.答案：B解析：第四段尤其第一句明确说到英国的一所医院的研究小组进行这项试验。
第六段第二句说，科学家报告，平均成功率为41%。
第四段最后一句说，尿液的收集来自膀耽癌病人、其他病人和健康人。第八段又说，总共有36位膀耽癌病人和108位其他人参加。
第九段说到，这位以前被检查为健康的人被确认患有癌症，医生查出右肾长有瘤子。
最后一段三个句子分别证明A、C、D三个选项是正确的，只有B项没有提到，根据推理，也不可能是正确的。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.
The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested
healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.Participants in the experiment were______.
A: 36 bladder cancer patients
B: 144 cancer patients
C: 108 healthy people
D:.144 sick and healthy people答案：D解析：第四段尤其第一句明确说到英国的一所医院的研究小组进行这项试验。
第六段第二句说，科学家报告，平均成功率为41%。
第四段最后一句说，尿液的收集来自膀耽癌病人、其他病人和健康人。第八段又说，总共有36位膀耽癌病人和108位其他人参加。
第九段说到，这位以前被检查为健康的人被确认患有癌症，医生查出右肾长有瘤子。
最后一段三个句子分别证明A、C、D三个选项是正确的，只有B项没有提到，根据推理，也不可能是正确的。 -
第19题：
共用题干
第二篇
Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer
Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like
bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend
can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.
Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.
Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small
amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than
in humans.
The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in
a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.
Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They
trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from
biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.
Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs
to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying
down next to it,
Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.
But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.
As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.
The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer
patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.
During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had
tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency
for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each
year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.Participants in the experiment were
A:36 bladder cancer patients.
B:144 cancer patients.
C:1 08 healthy people.
D:144 sick and healthy people.答案：D解析： -
第20题：
共用题干
第三篇
Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having.Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey.Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long,long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention.We've
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes.Although the words "bionics" became
popular only after the 1960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature,One of Orville Wright’、pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions,reversed,to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
brothers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
submarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the 1960s，the US Army commissioned several
university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ties to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂昨）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.What happened after the Wright brothers' success?
A:People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B:People could fly their airplanes for fun.
C:People kept their airplanes at a French gallery.
D:People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.答案：D解析：文章第一段第一句中提到，多数动物所具有的技巧我们没有，除非“做梦”。下文所举的例子都是为了说明这一点，故选B。
由文章第二段最后一句中“but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes”可知，档案展馆中有19世纪晚期第一批实用飞机的模型，故选A。
由文章第三段第二句“Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the air-plane by studying various aspects of nature.”可知，莱特兄弟的成功激励了数十名后来者通过研 究大白然的方方面面（即动植物）来改进飞机模型，故选D。
由文章最后一段的最后一句“But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that."可知，美国军方的研究尚未取得成功，我们只能想象，如果真能实现这一想法，生活会有什么样子的变化，故选D。
由文章最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知，一些仿生学概念还没有出现，人类还有很 长的路要走，才能使仿生学获得长足的进步，才能极大地改变人类的生活，故选D。第5部分：补全短文 -
第21题：
共用题干
Ecosystem
1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea-
tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological
organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you
and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are
naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en-
courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a
zoo or garden.
3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because
they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to
help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to
animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest
of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back
in the earth.
4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.
In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living
things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,
animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more
than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,
and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis-
placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.
Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than_________.
A:our share of resourees
B:a biological creature
C:a given area
D:the maintenance of the ecosystem
E:the source of food
F:various species答案：A解析：由第二段的“There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or en- vironment.Most are naturally made...Some are man-made...”可知该段主要介绍了不同种类的生 态系统。故选B。
第三段讲到，根植于土壤中的植物利用空气和阳光促进自身生长，又成为动物和微生物的食物来源，而动物死后则又分解到土壤中二所以此段讲的是生态系统的工作原理。
第四段的主要内容是，生态系统是一切生物生存的基础，我们需要从中获取各种生存所 必需的物质。
此段主要讲要维护生态系统，我们需要做些什么，从“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy...""Humans should not disturb the natural habitat..."等表述可 以看出来。
由第一段第二句话“An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.”可 看出答案。
山第三段第三句话“When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually be- come a source of food to animals…”可知答案。
由第四段末尾“…we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.”可知答案。effective在 此意为“起作用的”。
由最后一段第一句话“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.”可知答案。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 文章主要讲的是公共上地在美国能源生产方面的重大作用，分别从产量、税收、未开发的传 统能源、替代能源占全国的份额以及能源开发需求等方面进行了介绍。 -
第22题：
单选题According to some scientists, the computer will do much harm to people’s health as smoking and drugs do.Adoes much harm...smoking
Bwill do as much harm...cigarettes
Cwill do so much harm...smoking
Ddoes as much harm...cigarettes
正确答案： A解析：
同级比较，即as…as…句型。该句中will表示推测，原句中as后面连接了的两个词为并列成分，划线部分也应该用名词，即将smoking改为cigarettes。因此答案为选项B。 -
第23题：
问答题Directions：Please write an essay in about 150 words entitled “To Travel or Not” based on the following outline1) People who like traveling have their reasons. 2) Those who dislike traveling have their reasons. 3) In my opinion, traveling does more good than harm.正确答案：
To Travel or Not Traveling has become a hot topic recently especially after too long a time of working or staying at home. People who like traveling believe that traveling is a learning experience which can expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. And it is also a kind of relaxation good to their health. Free from office work or housework, people can enjoy a pleasant journey with delicious food, beautiful landscape, folk culture and fresh air, etc. Moreover, in terms of economic benefits, traveling can boost tourism, which is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development of a country.
Those who dislike traveling think that traveling wastes a considerable amount of time, money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you. What’s more, they argue that traveling can increase the chance of being infected with some diseases and can cause damage to local environment and culture.
For me, I prefer traveling because traveling does more good than harm in practice. After a long time of working and studying, people need relaxation and traveling is the best choice. In an environment free from all kinds of routines, you will feel all the more relaxed and feel brimful of energy when you return to work or home.解析：
这篇作文是典型的对比选择型作文。第一段阐述赞成旅游的人们的观点和理由，可以从增长知识、有利于健康及促进经济发展等角度进行论述，和作文要求中的第一点”论述喜欢旅游的人的理由”相对应；第二段论述反对旅游的人的观点和理由，可以从浪费金钱、时间和精力等方面着手，与题目要求中的第二点”论述不喜欢旅游的人的理由”相照应；第三段提出作者本人支持旅游的理由，符合作文要求中的第三点”我认为旅游利大于弊”。在论述中可以使用表示连接和过渡的词语，如：moreover，in terms of，while，for example，what’s more，for my part，if等，使文章连贯流畅。
【闪光词汇】
folk culture民俗文化
in terms of就…而言；根据
in practice在实践中
brimful of充满