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Adam Smith, a writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another streng
题目
Adam Smith, a writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
"One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform. two or three of them."
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins a piece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not turn out any pin, each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce, more of what they already have.
According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to______.
A．take advantage of the division of labor
B．explain the causes of the division of labor
C．understand the effects of the division of labor
D．introduce the division of labor into England
相似考题
参考答案和解析
解析：文中第一句指出亚当·斯密是第一个注意到分工重要性的人。与C选项的意思最为接近。
更多“Adam Smith, a writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another streng”相关问题
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第1题：
(c) The Shirtmaster division and Corporate Clothing division, though being part of the same group, operate largely
independently of one another.
Assess the costs and benefits of the two divisions continuing to operate independently of one another.
(15 marks)
正确答案：
(c) The Shirtmaster Group has decided to structure itself using two divisions who are dealing with very different markets,
customers and buying behaviours. In so doing the intention is to provide more value to the customer through a better
understanding of their needs. The existence of the two divisions also reflects the origins of the two family businesses.
Mintzberg in his work on organisation design and structure sees divisional configurations as being appropriate in relatively
simple and static environments where significant strategic power is delegated from the ‘strategic apex’ to the ‘middle line‘
general managers with responsibility for the performance of the division. Indeed one of the benefits cited for divisionalised
companies is their ability to provide a good training ground in strategic decision making for general managers who can then
progress to senior positions at company headquarters. Tony Masters’s reluctance to delegate real strategic decision making
power to the senior managers in the Shirtmaster division may be preventing those managers developing key managerial skills.
Using the Boston Box model one could classify the Shirtmaster division as a ‘dog’ with low market share in a market exhibiting
change but little growth. The Corporate Clothing division, by contrast, can be regarded as a ‘problem child’ having a small
share but of a growing market. Porter’s ‘better-off test’ needs to be met – are the two divisions better off being in the same
Group? As it stands there seems little synergy between the two divisions – there seems to be little evidence of the two divisions
sharing resources or transferring skills or learning between the two divisions. Their two value chains and systems are both
separate and different though on the face of it there are many activities that are similar. Operating independently may
encourage healthy competition between the two divisions and consequently better performance through better motivated staff.
Specialised competences such as Corporate Clothing division’s on-line response to customer orders and design changes are
more easily developed within a divisionalised structure. Performance can be clearly identified and controlled and resources
channelled to those areas showing potential. However, this may be at the expense of costly duplication of resources and an
inability to get the necessary scale to compete in either of their separate markets. Certainly, the lack of co-operation betweenthe divisions in areas such as information systems may lead to higher costs and poorer performance. -
第2题：
“The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see out environment” does not imply that ().
A、everything in the ecosystem is part of one complete whole
B、most people hold a wrong view on the environment
C、everything affects and is affected by its environment
D、people are not conscious of the importance of trees
参考答案：ACD
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第3题：
A small crowd had gathered round the entrance to the park. His curiosity aroused,Robert crossed the road to see what was happening. He found that the center ofattraction was an old man with a performing monkey. The monkey' s tricks, hesoon discovered, were in no way remarkable so, after throwing a few pennies inthe dirty hat which the man had placed on the pavement, Robert began to moveoff, along with other members of the crowd.Atthis point the man suddenly let out a loud cry. Everyone turned to see what hadhappened. The man was bending over his monkey, which now lay quite still on thepavement. He picked up the apparently lifeless body and, bolding it close tohim, began to weep. A young man stepped forward from the crowd and, taking somemoney from his pocket, dropped it into the hat. Robert and several other peopledid likewise, until the pennies in the hat were covered with silver coins.Meanwhile, the man continued to hold the dead monkey in his arms and seemed totake no notice of what was going on about him. Afew month latter, Robert came across the old man again in another part of thecity. The man had a monkey, bought no doubt with the money which the crowd hadgiven him. It did not, however, seem any better at its tricks than the previousone. Robert was pleased to see that the old man was still able to earn aliving, though on this occasion, having partly paid for the monkey out of hisown pocket, he did not feel inclined to throw any money into the hat. Butthe performance was not yet over! Once again the old man let out a loud cry.Once again the monkey lay still on the pavement. The manpicked up the "dead" monkey and clutching it in his arms began to weep. The same young steppedforward and threw some money into the hat.Again the crowd followed suit一except for Robert. Smiling tohimself, he went on his way, amazed at the man' s audacity.
41. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The young man was also apasser-by.
B. The old man always entertainedthe people at the same place.
C. The old man let out a loud crybecause he was really sorry to have lost his monkey.
D. Robert did not throw any moneyinto the hat the second time he met the old man .
42. Robert smiled to himself because he().
A. was satisfied with theperformance
B. realized what had happened atlast
C. was amused by the death of thesecond monkey
D. was glad that the second monkeyperformance as well as the first one
43. The word "likewise" (in the secondparagraph) is closest in meaning to ()?
A. like to be wise
B. in the wise way
C. in the sameway
D. in a lovely way
44. What does "followed suit" (in the lastparagraph) mean?
A. followed the example
B. followed the old man
C. followed the writer
D. came afterwards
参考答案：DBCA
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第4题：
材料：
The fact that the GOODs were damaged raises a prima facie case of negligence which can only be cleared by the carrier by showing what actually occurred. For example，a ship carried grain on MS Great Lakes to a port where it was stored aboard the ship under a special storage contract for 22 days after which it was discovered to be wet．Rough weather during the voyage was alleged but the Court insisted on strict proof of how and when the rough weather caused the wetting．
Therefore，to rebut the presumption of fault when relying upon its own reasonable care，the carrier must further prove that the damage was caused by something other than its own negligence．Once the shipper establishes a prima facie case，under“the policy of the law”the carrier must“explain what took place or suffer the consequences”．The law casts upon the carrier the burden of the loss which it cannot explain or，explaining，bring within the exception case in which he is relieved from liability．
问题：
The best title of this passage is ______．
A.The liabilities on the part of the carrier and shipper
B.Loss of and damage to cargoes
C.The burden of proof on the part of the shipper
D.The burden of proof on the part of the carrier
It is concluded from this passage that MS Great Lakes ______．A.was liable for the wet damage if it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wetting
B.was liable for the wet damage even it could prove how and when the rough weather caused the wetting
C.was liable for the wet damage even it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wetting
D.was not liable for the wet damage if it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wetting
According to this passage，_______．A.If a carrier cannot bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he is liable for the loss
B.Even a carrier can bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he is still held liable for the loss by the court
C.Should a carrier bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he could be held liable for the loss by the court
D.Should a carrier not bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he could not be held liable for the loss by the court
The prima facie case of negligence in this passage refers to the one in which ______．A.a presumption of fault was made on the part of the carrier
B.a presumption of fault was made on the part of the shipper
C.a reasonable care was used by the carrier
D.a reasonable care was used by the shipper
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
问题 1 答案解析：A
问题 2 答案解析：A
问题 3 答案解析：A
问题 4 答案解析：A
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第5题：
Once man began to raise his own animals,he did not have to go out and hunt for his meat.And,since he did not have to move from one place to another hunting for food,man was able to（ ）down and live in one place.A.calm
B.get
C.come
D.settle答案：D解析：settle down“定居下来”。 -
第6题：
He has made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. I think which is
D. of which I think it is答案：A解析：“which I think is”是“which”引导的一个非限定性定语从句，此处修饰“discovery”。故选A。此句意为：他已经创造了另外一个伟大的发现，我认为对科学是至关重要的。 -
第7题：
As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
He was on his wayrefers to the fact that__.A.he gave up and returned home
B.he began to work towards success
C.he took a journey to Hollywood
D.he had difficulties in playing the small part答案：B解析：因为Larry有机会出演一个角色，这是他通往成功的开始。 -
第8题：
共用题干
1.On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettyburg only out of courtesy. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett,a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
2.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night,alone in his hotel room and tired out,he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln went to a friend and remarked,"I have failed again."On the train back to Washington he commented sadly, "That speech was a flat failure,and the people are disappointed."
3.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech.But little by little,as people read the speech,they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
4.Today,every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history.He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes while Lincoln spoke only__________.
A:its deep meaning and its simplicity
B:one of the worst orations
C:nine minutes
D:a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day
E:on the train to Gettysburg
F: one of the greatest orations答案：C解析：本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是林肯《葛底斯堡的演说》是在什么样的背景下发表的：内战还在进行中，林肯的人气并不高涨。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是和当时著名的演讲家艾佛瑞特相比，林肯的演说有些让人失望。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是人们对于林肯的演说从最初的不关注和忽视如何转变为高度欣赏。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是《葛底斯堡的演说》在当今美国社会中的重要地位。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段倒数第三句：He spoke for only nine minutes．林肯只讲了九分钟。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第三句：They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity．他们开始欣赏其中深刻的含义和简洁的语言。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第一句：It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg．据说林肯是在前往葛底斯堡的火车上准备的演讲稿。
本题考查的是时阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是最后一段最后一句：Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history．所有人都认为这是美国历史上最为杰出的演讲之一。 -
第9题：
Which one of the following parameters is the very first thing that needs to be configured as part of the IGRP routing process?（）
- A、The wild card mask
- B、The IP address
- C、The IP address mask
- D、The metric weights
- E、The Autonomous System number
正确答案:E -
第10题：
单选题How do many traditional societies see the use of one’s family name?AIt is a way to keep distant from another person.
BIt is seen as a sign of respect.
CIt is a sign of importance.
DIt is a sign of gratitude
正确答案： D解析：
根据第二段In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect，可知很多传统的社会把称呼一个人的family name看作是对人的尊敬。 -
第11题：
问答题Practice 3 To the average person knowledge itself is of importance because of its bearing upon what he needs to do and to make. It helps him in clarifying his wants, in constructing his ends and in finding means for realizing them. There exist, in other words, values as well as known facts and principles, and philosophy is concerned primarily with values—with the ends for the sake of which man acts. Given the most extensive and accurate system of knowledge, man is still confronted with the question of what he is going to do about it and what he is going to do with the knowledge in his possession.正确答案：
【参考译文】
在普通人看来,知识很重要,原因是知识与他需要做的事或生产的东西有关。知识有助于人将自己的需求分类、建立自己的目标并寻找实现目标的手段。换言之,存在价值观、已知的事实和原理,而哲学主要研究价值观——研究人类活动的目标。即使知识体系最广泛、最准确,人类仍面临的问题是如何处理该知识体系和如何利用所掌握的知识。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题The writer used an Arabic story to prove that _____.Acoffee was first discovered by Kaldi
Bcoffee was first discovered by Kaldi's goats
Ccoffee was first discovered in South American countries
Dcoffee drinks were first made by Arabs
正确答案： A解析： -
第13题：
When all the people had assembled, the king, surrounded by his court, (21) a signal. Then a door beneath him opened, and the accused man stepped (22) into the arena. Directly opposite him were two doors, exactly (23) and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the (24) on trial to walk directly to these (25) and open one of them. He (26) open either door he pleased; he was subject to no (27) or influence. If he opened the one, there came out of it a hungry tiger, the (28) and most cruel that could be found, which (29) sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as a punishment for his guilt. (30) , if the accused person opened the other door, out of it came a (31) lady, and to this lady he was immediately married, as a reward of his innocence. This was the (32) method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious. The criminal could (33) know out of which door would come the lady; he opened either he pleased, without having the slightest (34) whether, in the next instant, he was to be devoured or married. So the accused person was instantly (35) if guilty, and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot.
21.
A. give
B. gives
C. gave
D. given
正确答案：C
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第14题：
A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Swede called Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to1896. Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions. And so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married nor had children. Also, he was a sick man in a large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund 基金) of $9,000, 000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the promotion 促进)of world peace. The first Nobel Prizes were given on December 10th, 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people from all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them. Each Prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma(证书)saying that he has been given the Prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money—about $40, 000. Often a Prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes, a Prize is shared. It may be given to two or three people who have worked together. Sometimes a Prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, no Nobel Peace Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the Prize or not
1.Most people think that the Nobel Prize is __________ a person can receive.
A、 the highest honor in the world
B、 one of the highest international honors
C、 a higher honor than others
D、 as high as any other honor
2.Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was __________
A、 a rich, happy and lucky man
B、 a poor, unhappy and unlucky man
C、 a poor, but happy and lucky man
D、 a rich, unhappy and unlucky man
3.A Nobel Prize is made up of _________
A、 a gold medal and a large amount of money
B、 a gold medal and a diploma
C、 a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money
D、 a diploma and a large amount of money
4.A Nobel Prize is given to __________ each year.
A、 just one person
B、 one person
C、 not always one person
D、 three persons
5.When he died, Nobel left an amount of money __________
A、 to his wife and his children
B、 to the university he used to study in
C、 to his parents and his students
D、 to be spend on setting five prizes
参考答案：BDCCD -
第15题：
Text 3
Thirty- two people watched Kitty' Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one' s fellow man?
"Not so," say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the masons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle - aged man fall to the side - walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病) ? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it "steam pipes" ? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It' s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won' t get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested". Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests". Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the "testing room" and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of these had been pre - recorded on a tape - recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions, were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
31. The purpose of this passage is______.
A) to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B) to explain when people will act in emergencies
C) to explain what people will do in emergencies
D) to explain how people feel in emergencies
正确答案：B
答案：B
[试题分析]文章主旨题。
[详细解答]本文主要讲述了科学家们通过实验研究出人们在帮助别人的两个要素，同时指出，事情发生时，有多少人在场，也起决定作用。其目的就是分析在何种情况下，人们才会伸出援助之手。这一点还可以通过文章开头的引子看出来，作者引述这个故事的目的也正是为了提出问题，告知读者写作目的。
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第16题：
If you see anybody fall overboard, act as follows except ______.
A.tell an officer / crew the person’s position in the water, or telephone the bridge immediately
B.throw lifebuoys overboard
C.call out “ man overboard ” and keep your eyes on the person in the water
D.try to find medicine for the person to use when he is rescued
正确答案：D
如果你发现有人落水，下列哪个做法是不对的？找到医疗救助用于他被救助时。 -
第17题：
He has made another wonderful discovery，__________of great importance to science．A.which I think is
B.which I think it is
C.I think which is
D.ofwhich I think it iS答案：A解析：which I think is是which引导的一个非限定性定语从句，此处修饰discovery。故选A。此句意为他已经创造了另外一个伟大的发现，我认为对科学是至关重要的。 -
第18题：
As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
Why did Larry find a job parking cars?A.Because he liked the jo
B.Because the parking lot was near Hollywoo
C.To make a living and wait for the opportunit
D.To see a lot of film stars and work for the答案：C解析：参见第二段。 -
第19题：
共用题干
1.On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettyburg only out of courtesy. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett,a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
2.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night,alone in his hotel room and tired out,he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln went to a friend and remarked,"I have failed again."On the train back to Washington he commented sadly, "That speech was a flat failure,and the people are disappointed."
3.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech.But little by little,as people read the speech,they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
4.Today,every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history.Today people regard Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as_________.
A:its deep meaning and its simplicity
B:one of the worst orations
C:nine minutes
D:a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day
E:on the train to Gettysburg
F: one of the greatest orations答案：F解析：本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是林肯《葛底斯堡的演说》是在什么样的背景下发表的：内战还在进行中，林肯的人气并不高涨。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是和当时著名的演讲家艾佛瑞特相比，林肯的演说有些让人失望。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是人们对于林肯的演说从最初的不关注和忽视如何转变为高度欣赏。
本题考查的是对所读材料的大意和主旨的掌握。本段主要讲的是《葛底斯堡的演说》在当今美国社会中的重要地位。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段倒数第三句：He spoke for only nine minutes．林肯只讲了九分钟。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段第三句：They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity．他们开始欣赏其中深刻的含义和简洁的语言。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段第一句：It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg．据说林肯是在前往葛底斯堡的火车上准备的演讲稿。
本题考查的是时阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是最后一段最后一句：Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history．所有人都认为这是美国历史上最为杰出的演讲之一。 -
第20题：
材料题
B
In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe，fresh from his courses in play writing at Harvard joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University．I had never before seen a man so tall as he，and so ugly．I pitied him and went out of my way to help him with his work and make him feel at home．
His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness．They spoke of his ability to explain a poem in such a manner as to have them shouting with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears，of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name．
Indeed，his students made so much of his power of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself．My chance came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine o‘clock classes．
Upon arriving at the university that day，I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office．He did not say anything when I asked him to come with me out into the hall，and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around．
He stepped in，remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out．“Tell me what you see．”I said as I took his place in the room，leaving him in the hall with his back to the door．Without the least hesitation and without a single error，he gave the number of seats in the room，pointed out those which were taken by boys and those occupied by girls，named the colors each student was wearing，pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard，spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor，and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the window．
As I rejoined Wolfe，I was speechless with surprise．He，on the contrary，was wholly calm as he said，“The worst thing about it is that I‘ll remember it all．”
Which of the following is NOT said in the passageA.Wolfe‘s students praised Wolfe’s power of observatio
B.The author made an experiment on Wolfe‘s abilit
C.Wolfe‘s students asked the author to have a test of their abilit
D.Wolfe did not feel angry when he was teste答案：C解析： -
第21题：
单选题Andrews was one of the first executives to realize that employees are most productive when he or she feels to be part of a family.Ahe or she feels to be part of a family
Bthey feel as if they are part of a family
Che or she feels part of a family
Dit’s more like a family for them
Efeeling a part of a family is made possible
正确答案： B解析：
因为这里的代词指的是“employees”，员工为复数，而不是单数“他”或“她”，虽然D选项后半部分用的是复数代词“them”,但是前部分用代词“it”，缺少先行词。故选B。 -
第22题：
单选题If you see anybody fall overboard，act as follows except（）.Atell an officer/crew the person's position in the water，or telephone the bridge immediately
Bthrow lifebuoys overboard
Ccall out Man overboard and keep your eyes on the person in the water
Dtry to find medicine for the person to use when he is rescued
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题Practice 6 I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in Scottish Highlands. I have never heard anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remarking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to concern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the years within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please. A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.正确答案：
【参考译文】
我所认识的作家寥寥无几,然而凡是我所认识和尊敬的作家,都立即承认在他们动笔时,不清楚要写什么,怎么写。他们心中有一个或两个角色。他们处于急切不安的状态,而这被当作是灵感。他们无不承认,一旦“旅程”开始,“目的地”常有急剧的变化。据我所知,有位作家花了9个月的时间写了一部有关克什米尔的小说后来却把整个故事背景换成了苏格兰高地。我从未听说过任何一位作家像我们在学校学的那样,动笔前先列什么提纲。作家在剪裁修改、构思时间、穿插情节、以至从头重写的过程中,会领悟到素材中有很多东西是他刚动笔时所未意识到的。这种有机的加工过程往往达到不寻常自我发现的境界,具有难以言表的构思魅力。一个朦胧的形象出现在作家的脑海里,他左添一笔,右添一笔,形象反而消逝了;可是,好像还有什么东西存在着,不把它捕捉到,作家是不会罢休的。有时,一个作家一本书写完了,但兴奋仍未消散。我听说一些作家,除了自己的书外,别的书一概不读,犹如希腊神话中那位漂亮少年,站在镜前,不能辨认出自身的真面目。由于这个原因,作家喋喋不休地谈论自己的书,挖掘其隐晦的含义,增添新的含义,询问周围人的反应。作家如此行事当然会被人误解。他还不如给人讲一个犯罪案件或一个恋爱故事。顺便说一句,他也是个不可饶恕的令人厌烦的人。
这种企图消除自己和读者之间距离的作法,企图用不了解自己的人的观点来研究自己塑造的形象的作法,会导致作家的毁灭,因为他已经开始为取悦他人而写作了。
一两年前,一位年轻的英国作家发表了中肯的看法。他说,初稿是才华,以后各稿都是艺术。也是由于这个原因,作家同任何艺术家一样,找不到可休息的场所,找不到伙伴和活动使自己得到安逸。任何局外人的判断也比不上他自己内心的正确判断。一旦作家从内心的紊乱中理出头绪,就应按任何评论家想象不到的无情规范约束自己去写作;当他沽名钓誉时,他就脱离了自我生活,脱离了对自己灵魂最深处世界的探索。解析： 暂无解析