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Text 4No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli, especially in the two centuries follow-ing his death. But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned. The prince has been termed a manual for tyrants, the effect of which has
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Text 4
No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli, especially in the two centuries follow-ing his death. But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned. The prince has been termed a manual for tyrants, the effect of which has been most harmful. But were Machiavelli's doctrines really new? Did he discover them? He merely had the frankness and cour- age to write down what everybody was thinking and what everybody knew. He merely gives us the impressions he had received from a long and intimate intercourse with princes and the affairs of state. It was Lord Bacon who said that Machiavelli tells us what princes do, not what they ought to do. When Machiavelli takes Caesar Borgia as a model, he does not praise him as a hero at all, but merely as a prince who was capable of attaining the end in view. The life of the state was the prima- ry object. It must be maintained. And Machiavelli has laid down the principles, based upon his stud-y and wide experience, by which this may be accomplished. He wrote from the view-point of the politician-not of the moralist. What is good politics may be bad morals, and in fact, by a strange fatality, where morals and politics clash, the latter generally gets the upper hand. And will anyone contend that the principles set forth by Machiavelli in his Prince or his Discourses have entirely per- ished from the earth? Has diplomacy been entirely stripped of fraud and duplicity? Let anyone read the famous eighteenth chapter of The Prince:"ln what Manner Princes should Keep their Faith,"and he will be convinced that what was true nearly four hundred years ago, is quite as true today.
Of the remaining works of Machiavelli the most important is the History of Florence written be-
tween 1521 and 1525, and dedicated to Clement VII. This book is merely a rapid review of the Middle
Ages, and as part of it the history of Florence. Machiavelli's method has been criticized for adhering
at times too closely to the chroniclers of his time, and at others rejecting their testimony without ap-
parent reason, while in its details the authority of his History is often questionable.lt is the straightfor-
ward, logical narrative, which always holds the interest of the reader, that is the greatest charm of
the History.
56. It can be inferred from the beginning of the text that
[ A] many people used to think highly of Machiavelli.
[ B] Machiavelli had been very influential among the rulers.
[ C] Machiavelli was widely read among his contemporaries.
[ D] Machiavelli has been a target of criticism throughout history.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
Text 4 参考译文没人比马基雅维利所遭受的批判更严酷了，尤其是在他死后的两个世纪以内。但是，他从此铸造了许多能干的斗士，潮流也从此逆转了。 2010年9月笔试真卷参考答案及精析第9页（共12页）《君主论》被称作是一个暴君手册，其影响非常恶劣。但是马基雅维利的学说是全新的吗？那些学说是他发现的吗？其实他只是够坦白、有勇气将每个人所想的和所知道的写下来而已。他所告诉我们的是他和君主的长期亲密接触过程中以及国家事务中所留下的印象。培根大臣说过，马基雅维利告诉我们君主所做的事，而不是他们应该做的事。当马基雅维利以卡萨尔·博鲁吉亚为例时，他完全没有把他赞美成英雄，而是仅仅说他作为一个君主，能够达到自己想要的目的。国家的生活是他的文章中一定包含的主题。马基雅维利力基于他的研究和广泛的经历，尽可能地列举了一些准则。他是从政治家的角度——而不是道德家的角度进行写作。政治上的好事从道德方面看可能是坏事，事实上，很奇怪的是当道德和政治发生冲突时，往往后者会占据上风。会有人主张马基雅雏利在他的《君主论》或者他的《论李维》里所提出的准则已经消失了吗？外交过程就没有欺诈行为了吗？让任何一个人读《君主论》里面著名的第十八章《君主应该怎样保持信仰？》，他都会深信将近四百年前的放在现在也一样有道理。在马基雅维利其余的著作中，最重要的就是他在1521年到1525年之间献给克莱门特七世的《佛罗伦萨史》。这本书仅仅是对中世纪的简述，其中一部分是讲佛罗伦萨的历史。马基雅维利的写作方法遭到批判是因为有时候太过于附和他所在时代的编年史，而有时候又坚决抛弃其中的论断，而没有给出任何明显的理由，同时，书中诸多细节之处也使其权威性遭受了质疑。它直接的、有逻辑的叙述常常能引起读者的兴趣，这就是他这本书的魅力所在。答案及解析 56.D该题为推理题。根据第一段第一句“No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli, especially in the two centuries fol- lowing his death．”可知，没人比马基雅维利所遭受的批判更严酷了，尤其是在他死后的两个世纪以内。由此可以推断出马基雅维利在历史上一直都是人们批判的对象，故选D。
更多“Text 4No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli, especially in the two centuries follow-ing his death. But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned. The prince has been termed a manual for tyrants, the effect of which has ”相关问题
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第1题：
The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A died
B would die
C had died
D has died
参考答案：A
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第2题：
The big man has always been eating on the go, () he has got stomachache.A、so
B、however
C、as
D、because
参考答案：A
-
第3题：
While the secretary ____ his desk, he found the long lost report.A.had been cleaning
B.is cleaning
C.has been cleaning
D.was cleaning
答案：D
解析：本题考查时态用法。根据题干可知时态是过去时，故排除B、C两项。while是一个信号词，表示一个时间点，并不强调完成，排除A。句意：秘书在打扫桌子的时候，他发现了丢失已久的报告。
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第4题：
His mother ______ the Party since 1978.
A、joined
B、has joined
C、was in
D、has been in
正确答案：D
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第5题：
His sister left home in 1998, and since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of D. has not heard of
正确答案：B
-
第6题：
He has been charged（ ）murdering his wife.
with答案：解析：charge“控告，指控”，其用法为：charge sb.with sth.因某事而控告某人。 -
第7题：
His sister left home in 1998，and（）since．
A.had not been heard of
B.has not been heard of
C.had not heard of
D.has not heard of答案：B解析： -
第8题：
Which of the following statements about Armold Schwarzenegger is TRUE？( )A.He was elected governor of California 10 years ago.
B.He used to attach much importance to personal enjoyment.
C.He has been thinking of solving sexual problems for long.
D.He has troubles with his two daughters and two sons.答案：B解析：
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第9题：
The technician has suspicions that a browser has been hijacked. Which of the following should the technician look for in this situation?（）
- A、A new default gateway has been setup.
- B、A new Internet shortcut has been added.
- C、A new web browser has been installed and is now the default.
- D、A proxy server has been enabled.
正确答案:D -
第10题：
单选题Jackson ______ school two years ago and he ______ for two years.Aleaves; has gone
Bleft; has been away
Cleaves; has been away
Dleft; has gone
正确答案： B解析：
考查动词时态。句意：Jackson两年前离开的学校，他已经离开学校两年了。根据“two years ago”可知，第一空用一般过去时；根据“for two years”可知，第二空用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。故选B。 -
第11题：
单选题Hannah finished building her new all-purpose projects room last year, and she has been working in the room ever since.Aand she has been working in the room ever since
Band since that time she has worked there
Cwhere always since she works
Dshe has been working in that room ever since
Eand since then is working there
正确答案： A解析：
原句正确。C，D，E项语法不正确。B项没有A项恰当流畅。 -
第12题：
单选题Blues musician Paul “Poboy” Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.ABlues musician Paul “Poboy” Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.
BBeing born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi, blues musician Paul “Poboy” Smith released his debut album in 1958 and has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since then.
CBorn in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, blues musician Paul “Poboy” Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since the release of his debut album in 1958.
DHaving been a fixture on the southern blues scene since 1958 when he released his debut album, Paul “Poboy” Smith is a blues musician who was born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi.
ESince the release of his debut album in 1958, blues musician Paul “Poboy” Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene; he was born in Tupelo, Mississippi in 1936.
正确答案： E解析：
A项中“that year”指代不明；而且“since”和“after”意思重复；B项时态混乱；D项中“blues musician”和“fixture on the southern blues scene”意思重复；E项表达方式不符合习惯，故本题应选C项。 -
第13题：
Tom () since he lost his job three weeks ago.A、has employed
B、was unemployed
C、had been unemployed
D、has been unemployed
参考答案：D
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第14题：
He ___ for two year.A.has died
B.died
C.is died
D.has been died
正确答案：D
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第15题：
When William hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.
A、has; been sent
B、had; sent
C、has; sent
D、had; been sent
正确答案：D
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第16题：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.A.red
B.brown
C.white
D.black
正确答案：D
解析：本句参考译文：他是一个能力超群的年轻人，自从他成为那家公司的经理，公司就一直盈利。【知识点来源：Unit 4】本题考查英语颜色词的联想意义。习语“in the black”寓意：盈利。
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第17题：
RESULT OF SEARCH NEGATIVE means ______.
A.the search has found nothing
B.the derelict has been found
C.the derelict has been located
D.the derelict has been sighted
正确答案：A
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第18题：
Racial discrimination has still___________ in some parts of the U.S.A. since itafter the Civil War.A.been existed; has been done away
B.existed; has been done away with
C.been existed; has been done away with
D.existed; was done away with答案：D解析：第一个空，exist“存在”，不能用被动语态，排除A，C；第二个空，时间状语afterthe CivilWar与一般过去时连用，又是被动语态，排除B，只能选D。句子意思：虽然自从美国内战之后被取缔，但是种族歧视至今还在美国一些地方存在着。 -
第19题：
Which of the following statements about Armold Schwarzenegger is TRUE？( )A.He was elected governor of California 10 years ago
B.He used to attach much importance to personal enjoyment
C.He has been thinking of solving sexual problems for long
D.He has troubles with his two daughters and two sons答案：B解析：
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第20题：
The big man has always been eating on the go,（）he has got stomachache.
Aso
Bhowever
Cas
Dbecause
A
略 -
第21题：
问答题练习14 Research has also been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.正确答案： 当人们撒谎时,行为会有一系列小的、看起来不重要的改变,对此人们也进行了研究。研究显示,如果人们在撒谎的同时坐下,他们倾向于比平时更频繁地在椅子上动来动去。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题For many years, Mark, a film star in Hollywood, has been suffering from the _____ that he is a great man.Aallusion
Billusion
Celusion
Ddelusion
正确答案： D解析：
句意：多年来，马克，好莱坞的一个电影演员，一直沉浸在自己是一个大人物的幻想之中。delusion错觉，幻想。allusion暗指。illusion幻觉，错觉。elusion逃避。 -
第23题：
单选题Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?AHis father has been dead for six years.
BHis father died six years ago.
CIt’s six years since his father had died.
DIt has been two years since his father’s death.
正确答案： B解析：
考查动词的时态。C选项中的固定句型：“It’s/ It has been＋一段时间＋since＋时间状语从句”，译作“自从……以来，已经……(时间)了”。要求：主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。所以C选项中since后面的过去完成时应改为一般过去时。