TCP/IP(71)layer protocols provide services to the application(72)running on a computer. The application layer does not define the application itself, but rather it defines(73)that applications need--like the ability to transfer a file in the case of HTTP.

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TCP/IP(71)layer protocols provide services to the application(72)running on a computer. The application layer does not define the application itself, but rather it defines(73)that applications need--like the ability to transfer a file in the case of HTTP. In short, the application layer provides an(74)between software running on a computer and the network itself. The TCP/IP application layer includes a relatively large number of protocols, with HTTP being only one of those. The TCP/IP(75)layer consists of two main protocol options--the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol(UDP).

A．application

B．transport

C．link

D．network

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1.The de facto standard Application Program Interface (API) for TCP/IP applications is the “sockets” interface. Although this API was developed for （71） in the early 1960s it has also been implemented on a wide variety of no-Unix systems. TCP/IP （72） Written using the sockets API have in the past enjoyed a high degree of portability and we would like the same （73） with IPv6 applications. But changes are required to the sockets API to support IPv6 and this memo describes these changes. These include a new socket address structure to carry IPv6 （74） ,new address conversion functions, and some new socket options. These extensions are designed to provide access to the basic IPv6 features requited by TCP and UDP applications, including multicasting, while introducing a minimums of change into the system and providing complete （75） for existing IPv4 applications.A.WindowsB.LinuxC.UnixD.DOS

2.● A glue that holds the whole Internet together is the network layer protocol,(71). Unlike most older network layer protocols, it was designed from the beginning with internetworking in mind. Its job is to provide a -(72) way to transport datagrams from source to destination, without regard to whether these machines are on the same network or whether there are other networks in between them.Communication in the Internet works as follows. The (73)layer takes data streams and breaks them up into datagrams. Each datagram is transmitted through the Internet, possibly being fragmented into smaller units as it goes. When all the pieces finally get to the destination machine, they are reassembled by the(74) layer into the original datagram. This datagram is then handed to the transport layer, which inserts it into the receiving process' input stream.An IP datagram consists of a header part and a text part. The header has a (75) part and a variable length optional part.(71) A. IP (Internet Protocol)B. IP (Interworking Protocol)C. TCP (Transport Control Protocol)D. TCP (Transfer Communication Protocol)(72) A. best-qualityB. quality-guaranteedC. connection-orientedD. best-efforts(73) A. data linkB. transportC. networkD. application(74) A. data linkB. transportC. networkD. application(75) A. 40-byte fixedB. 64-byte fixedC. 20~64 bytes variableD. 20-byte fixed

3.In the open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model, "layer" means one of seven conceptually complete,(71) arranged groups of services, functions, and protocols, that extend across all open systems.Application layer provides means for the application(72) to access the OSI environment. Presentation layer provides for the selection of a common syntax for representing data.(73) layer provides the means necessary for cooperating presentation entities to organize and synchronize their dialog and to manage their data exchange. Transport layer provides a reliable end-to-end data transfer service. Network layer provides for the entities in the transport layer the means for transferring blocks of data, by(74) and switching through the network between the open systems in which those entities reside. Data link layer provides services to transfer data between network layer entities. Physical layer provides the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to establish, maintain and(75) physical connections for transfer of bits over a transmission medium.A．ranklyB．levellyC．layeredD．hierarchically

4.●The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)is an (71) protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between (72) ．It is part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) protocol suite．SNMP enables network (73) to manage network performance, find and sole network problems,and plan for (74) ．An SNMP-managed network consists of three key components:managed devices , (75) ,and network-management systems ．(71) A．Physical LayerB．Link LayerC．Network LayerD．Transport Layer(72) A．network stationsB．network clientsC．network devicesD．network servers(73) A．serversB．administratorsC．computersD．routers(74) A．network growthB．network structureC．network architectureD．network servers(75) A．administratorsB．agentsC．managersD．servers

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TCP/IP(71)layer protocols provide services to the application(72)running on a computer. The application layer does not define the application itself, but rather it defines(73)that applications need--like the ability to transfer a file in the case of HTTP.

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