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Research Is a State of MindFor many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensi
题目
Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensive scientific apparatus and large， elaborately equipped laboratories. Actually， this is not so. （6） It is a simple， organized way of trying to accomplish something you wish to do—so simple that anyone can do research anywhere at any time. First， you select the problem you would like to solve， then you list at least ten reasons why it has not been solved. （7） It takes just as much effort to solve a useless problem as a useful one. （8） After carefully—and I want to emphasize that word “carefully”—selecting the problem and the ten things between you and the solution， you then use the same procedure as in solving a crossword puzzle.（9）In the solution of the remaining obstacles you may need some simple apparatus， but the things you will probably need most are infinite patience and persistence. Few people realize the difficulties of doing any new thing. Maybe one of the reasons people are so easily discouraged is because of their education. During all our years at school we were examined two or three times a year. If we failed once， we were out. （10）If we are going to make progress， we must learn to fail intelligently so that we won't become discouraged at the 99.9 per cent failure. 6.（）
- A、Make sure the game is worth the candle.
- B、That is a step in the right direction， but I don't believe it is enough.
- C、You take the easy obstacles first and by a process of elimination you eventually arrive at the one or two major ones.
- D、But in selecting the problem， you need to be sure to analyze it carefully to see that it is worth the effort.
- E、Research isn't a physical thing at all； it's a state of mind.
- F、By contrast， all research work is 99. 9 per cent failure and， if we succeed once， we are in.
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更多“Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expen”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are
reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as several chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting
texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications.Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and
broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing
in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the
theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.Unhappily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic
interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help.Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by television.And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.Much research has been done on interviews in general,so the training of journalistic inter- viewers has likewise been strengthened.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：第一段中谈到，过去有许多新闻采访的书籍主要强调采访的方法，忽略了对采访工作本身及其内涵的研究，所以作者在本段最后两句中指出，应对新闻采访的专业内容进行系统的研究，并认为该研究可以收集材料制定新闻采访的基本原则。由此可见，题干的说法是正确的。
选B的依据是第二段第四句话：" Unhappily , this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two rea-Sons.”原文中说新闻采访不注重记者采访，与题目的意思正好相反，因此题干的说法是错误的。
选A的依据是第二段倒数第三句："However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television.”西方人虽然熟悉记者采访，但是很少有人被采访过。题目与原文表达的意思是一致的，因此，题干的说法是正确的。
显然患者就是临床问诊中心的被问者，因而题干的说法是正确的。
本文第一句："...in several books that have been written on the topic”及最后一句中的“...as this book indicates”可以看出，本文很可能是一本书的序言，而不是新闻采访。
本文主要讲journalistic interview，没有讲要注意临床问诊中心的询问。
选B的依据是文章倒数第一句："Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.”原文中说尤其在电视采访中更需要深思熟虑的分析，正好与题干表达的意思相反，因而题干的说法是错误的。 -
第2题：
The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?A.Their endurance has done justice to them.
B.Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.
C.They are the most representative honor.
D.History has never cast doubt on them.答案：D解析：推理判断根据题干内容回文定位到第四段，选项A“历史上对它们从未有过怀疑”，文中未提及doubt的相关信息；同样地，选项B“它们是最具代表性的荣誉”中honor也是文中未提及的信息；而选项C“它们的合理性一直备受争议”对应原文“Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy”，即诺贝尔奖的合理性不是其设立的初衷，而在于时间。很明显选项C与原文意思相反，故排除；选项D“它们的持久性使其得到公正的对待”，同样定位到该段末句，其中endurance和justice分别是原文中time和legitimacy的同义替换，所以选项D为正确答案。 -
第3题：
Do you have any idea what you would like to be and do after graduation? A lot of people don′! begin thinking about careers until they reach junior or senior year, which, in my opinion, is too late.
When people are trying to decide what they want to do, it helps to know something they love. Ever since I was little, I′ve always been doing someone′s hair, make-up or nails, starting with Barbie dolls and progressing to humans. Over the years my family has really inspired me to do this and now I fix friends′ and family members′ hair for weddings, dances and other big events.
I have been thinking about what I would like to do for a career since middle school. I did some research and discovered that I might really enjoy being a cosmetologist, so I went to my hair stylist and asked her lots of questions about what it takes to reach her level and what she would recommend I do. I considered her advice and then did more research.
I used Aveda′ s website to get information on the Aveda Institute and what type of credit (贷款) I would need from high school to apply. I found their institute has three parts: theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and professional business-building skills. For the past few years, I have been looking at Aveda in more and more detail. This school not only offers cosmetology, but also massage therapy. I grew up in Minnesota (美国中北部的一个州), so I plan to apply to the institute in Minneapolis that several people have highly recommended. It helps students become "future industry leaders in hair care, skin care, makeup and total body wellness". It is affordable and everyone there is friendly and understanding.
Having done the groundwork and thinking about what I′d like to do after high school, I know that I will definitely pursue my dream of becoming a cosmetologist.
Why does the author think it′s too late for people to start thinking about careers in junior or senior year?A.Because he/she began to think about them when very young.
B.Because many people are too old to learn.
C.Because a lot of people can't grasp the opportunity.
D.Because many people have little they love.答案：A解析：推断题。根据第二段可知，作者很小的时候，就开始想这个问题了。 -
第4题：
资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.
What kind services does Suprema Cars provide?A.It designs classic car models.
B.It produces hand-made cars.
C.It research and develop car-related technologies.
D.It creates advertisements for the cars.答案：B解析：本题的问题是“Suprema汽车提供什么样的服务？”。选项A意为“它设计经典的汽车模型”；选项B意为“它生产手工制造的汽车”；选项C意为“它研究和开发汽车相关技术”；选项D意为“它为汽车制作广告”。根据主题句可知，Suprema汽车生产手工制造的车，故选B。 -
第5题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research答案：D解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：A解析：第一段中谈到，过去有许多新闻采访的书籍主要强调采访的方法，忽略了时采访工作本身及其内涵的研究，所以作者在本段最后两句中指出，应对新闻采访的专业内容进行系统的研究，并认为该研究可以收集材料制定新闻采访的基本原则。由此可见，题干的说法是正确的。
选B的依据是第二段第四句话“Unhappily , this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two rea-sons.”原文中说新闻采访不注重记者采访，与题目的意思正好相反，因此题干的说法是错误的。
选A的依据是第二段倒数第三句“However , very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media , particularly by television.”西方人虽然熟悉记者采访，但是很少有人被采访过。题目与原文表达的意思是一致的，因此，题干的说法是正确的。
显然患者就是临床问诊中心的被问者，因而题干的说法是正确的。
本文第一句“...in several books that have been written on the topic”及最后一句中的"...as this book indicates”可以看出，本文很可能是一本书的序言，而不是新闻采访。
本文主要讲journalistic interview，没有讲要注意临床问诊中心的询问。
选B的依据是文章倒教第一句“Even so , the understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.”原文中说尤其在电视采访中更需要深思熟虑的分析，正好与题干表达的意思相反，因而题干的说法是错误的。 -
第7题：
Your firm has been recommended to us by AMK company, （） we have done business for many years.
Awith whom
Bwith who
Cwhom
Dwho
A
略 -
第8题：
Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensive scientific apparatus and large， elaborately equipped laboratories. Actually， this is not so. （6） It is a simple， organized way of trying to accomplish something you wish to do—so simple that anyone can do research anywhere at any time. First， you select the problem you would like to solve， then you list at least ten reasons why it has not been solved. （7） It takes just as much effort to solve a useless problem as a useful one. （8） After carefully—and I want to emphasize that word “carefully”—selecting the problem and the ten things between you and the solution， you then use the same procedure as in solving a crossword puzzle.（9）In the solution of the remaining obstacles you may need some simple apparatus， but the things you will probably need most are infinite patience and persistence. Few people realize the difficulties of doing any new thing. Maybe one of the reasons people are so easily discouraged is because of their education. During all our years at school we were examined two or three times a year. If we failed once， we were out. （10）If we are going to make progress， we must learn to fail intelligently so that we won't become discouraged at the 99.9 per cent failure. 8.（）
- A、 Make sure the game is worth the candle.
- B、 That is a step in the right direction， but I don't believe it is enough.
- C、 You take the easy obstacles first and by a process of elimination you eventually arrive at the one or two major ones.
- D、 But in selecting the problem， you need to be sure to analyze it carefully to see that it is worth the effort.
- E、 Research isn't a physical thing at all； it's a state of mind.
- F、 By contrast， all research work is 99. 9 per cent failure and， if we succeed once， we are in.
正确答案:A -
第9题：
单选题What has research shown about the way managers work?AThey work in situations of conflict.
BTheir work is completed very quickly.
CManagers do many things at the same time.
DManagers give orders.
正确答案： C解析：
最后一段第一句指出“the research has shown that managerial work is done…with managers working on many simultaneous projects…”，由此可知GM常常同时进行几个项目，故答案是C。 -
第10题：
单选题Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensive scientific apparatus and large， elaborately equipped laboratories. Actually， this is not so. （6） It is a simple， organized way of trying to accomplish something you wish to do—so simple that anyone can do research anywhere at any time. First， you select the problem you would like to solve， then you list at least ten reasons why it has not been solved. （7） It takes just as much effort to solve a useless problem as a useful one. （8） After carefully—and I want to emphasize that word “carefully”—selecting the problem and the ten things between you and the solution， you then use the same procedure as in solving a crossword puzzle.（9）In the solution of the remaining obstacles you may need some simple apparatus， but the things you will probably need most are infinite patience and persistence. Few people realize the difficulties of doing any new thing. Maybe one of the reasons people are so easily discouraged is because of their education. During all our years at school we were examined two or three times a year. If we failed once， we were out. （10）If we are going to make progress， we must learn to fail intelligently so that we won't become discouraged at the 99.9 per cent failure. 8.（）AMake sure the game is worth the candle.
BThat is a step in the right direction， but I don't believe it is enough.
CYou take the easy obstacles first and by a process of elimination you eventually arrive at the one or two major ones.
DBut in selecting the problem， you need to be sure to analyze it carefully to see that it is worth the effort.
EResearch isn't a physical thing at all； it's a state of mind.
FBy contrast， all research work is 99. 9 per cent failure and， if we succeed once， we are in.
正确答案： A解析： 空格处需填入的句子是对本段内容的进一步概括．A项意为“要确保这个事情值得一做”。答案为A。 -
第11题：
问答题China has the greatest population in the world and a large pool of research workers, yet it has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. What has caused this situation in your opinion? State your opinion in about 160 words, and write it on the answer sheet.正确答案：
We can often hear the news that an American scientist or a Poland researcher get the Nobel Prize for certain inventions or findings, but China, with the greatest population in the world and a large number of research workers, yet has not produced a single Nobel Prize winner so far. There are various reasons for that.
First, there are serious problems in the educational system in China. The Chinese education has long been examination-oriented, which means that students are just forced to swallow the existing knowledge, without thinking much about it. Thus, the researchers think that the systems fostered are lacking in a sense of creativity.
Second, there is too little academic communication between China and the outside world. Due to some historical reasons, China had been isolated from the outside world. Thus it lags behind other countries in science and technology. So what scientists in China are doing now is mainly a repeat of their western counterparts.
Realizing the problems, the government has made many adjustments: the quality-oriented education is gradually taking the place of the examination-oriented one and a great number of leading technology and experts from the foreign countries are brought in. So, it’s certain that in the near future there will be Nobel Prizewinners in China.解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are _____.Asurprising
Bconfusing
Cillogical
Dquestionable
正确答案： B解析：
细节题。首段首句指出，作者对有关人们思想状况研究的结论深表怀疑。这与D的意思相同，属同义转述的细节题。 -
第13题：
Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we（ ）during the day.A.should have done
B.would have done
C.may have done
D.must have done答案：C解析：该题考查情态动词用法。本题包含宾语从句，从句的谓语动词为陈述句语气，因此可将表示虚拟语气的A、B选项排除,must have done表示对过去肯定推测不合题意，故答案为C。 -
第14题：
Text 1 On January lst the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science.It brought into force a policy,foreshadowed two years earlier,that research it supports must,when published,be freely available to all.On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that iiwill pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely availablc papers.To a layman,this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking.But the crucial word is"freely".It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for.No pay walls.No journal subscriptions.That is not a new idea,but the foundation's announcement gives it teeth.It means recipients of Gates'largesse can no longer offer their papers to journals such as Nature,the New England Joiu-na!o[Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,since reading the contents ofthese publications costs money.One criticism,in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments,is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work.Journals,in other words,should have no cover or subscription price.A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long.Months-sometimes years-can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish,and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments.That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary,and thus slows down the progress of science.Third,though this is less easy to prove,many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors'papers.Partial solutions to some of these problems have been tried.The Gates foundation is experimenting with carrots,as well as sticks.It has offered the publishers of one top-flight journal,Science$l00,000 to make papers published this year about Gates-sponsored research free to read from the beginning.If this goes well,the experiment may be extended to other publications.Similarly,there is a movement among some publishers to make papers free to the reader by charging the authors for the costs of publication-usually in the range of$2,000-$3,000 per paper.But many now think these are half-measures,and that a real revolution in the idea of scientific publishing is needed.23.The following are mentioned as criticisms to taxpayer-funded research EXCEPTA.the unwillingness of many researchers to publish the original data.
B.the peer review process having failed to do what it should.
C.much long cycle for a paper to get published.
D.the demand of free access to scientific papers.答案：A解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第三段，该段讲到三个评论，但未提到A项，故选A项。【干扰排除】第三段讲到的三个评论分别为：阅读纳税人资助的研究结果不应当再次收费；论文出版的过程非常漫长；匿名的同行审阅过程有时会被竞争对手利用以延迟论文的出版时间。分别对应D、C、B三项，故均排除。 -
第15题：
Many a young scientist__engaged in the research work.A.have
B.has
C.have been
D.has been答案：D解析：【考情点拨】考查主谓一致。【应试指导】句意：很多年轻的科学家都投入到这一项研究工作中来。“many a+名词单数’’作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。另外，be engaged in是固定搭配，表示“忙于，从事于”。 -
第16题：
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's________
A:discontent with animal research
B:ignorance about medical science
C:indifference to epidemics
D:anxiety about animal rights答案：B解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：第一段中谈到，过去有许多新闻采访的书籍主要强调采访的方法，忽略了时采访工作本身及其内涵的研究，所以作者在本段最后两句中指出，应对新闻采访的专业内容进行系统的研究，并认为该研究可以收集材料制定新闻采访的基本原则。由此可见，题干的说法是正确的。
选B的依据是第二段第四句话“Unhappily , this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two rea-sons.”原文中说新闻采访不注重记者采访，与题目的意思正好相反，因此题干的说法是错误的。
选A的依据是第二段倒数第三句“However , very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media , particularly by television.”西方人虽然熟悉记者采访，但是很少有人被采访过。题目与原文表达的意思是一致的，因此，题干的说法是正确的。
显然患者就是临床问诊中心的被问者，因而题干的说法是正确的。
本文第一句“...in several books that have been written on the topic”及最后一句中的"...as this book indicates”可以看出，本文很可能是一本书的序言，而不是新闻采访。
本文主要讲journalistic interview，没有讲要注意临床问诊中心的询问。
选B的依据是文章倒教第一句“Even so , the understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.”原文中说尤其在电视采访中更需要深思熟虑的分析，正好与题干表达的意思相反，因而题干的说法是错误的。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Interview
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic .Most of these books,as well as sev-eral chapters,mainly in,but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the"how to"aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and,implications. Much of the"how to"material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview it-self. On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Un-happily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons .First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clini- cal interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the pro-fessional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help .Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by televi-sion .And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview,es- pecially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.Much research has been done on interviews in general,so the training of journalistic inter-viewers has likewise been strengthened.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：第一段中谈到，过去有许多新闻采访的书籍主要强调采访的方法，忽略了时采访工作本身及其内涵的研究，所以作者在本段最后两句中指出，应对新闻采访的专业内容进行系统的研究，并认为该研究可以收集材料制定新闻采访的基本原则。由此可见，题干的说法是正确的。
选B的依据是第二段第四句话“Unhappily , this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two rea-sons.”原文中说新闻采访不注重记者采访，与题目的意思正好相反，因此题干的说法是错误的。
选A的依据是第二段倒数第三句“However , very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media , particularly by television.”西方人虽然熟悉记者采访，但是很少有人被采访过。题目与原文表达的意思是一致的，因此，题干的说法是正确的。
显然患者就是临床问诊中心的被问者，因而题干的说法是正确的。
本文第一句“...in several books that have been written on the topic”及最后一句中的"...as this book indicates”可以看出，本文很可能是一本书的序言，而不是新闻采访。
本文主要讲journalistic interview，没有讲要注意临床问诊中心的询问。
选B的依据是文章倒教第一句“Even so , the understanding of the journalistic interview,especially television interview,requires thoughtful analysis and even study,as this book indicates.”原文中说尤其在电视采访中更需要深思熟虑的分析，正好与题干表达的意思相反，因而题干的说法是错误的。 -
第19题：
Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensive scientific apparatus and large， elaborately equipped laboratories. Actually， this is not so. （6） It is a simple， organized way of trying to accomplish something you wish to do—so simple that anyone can do research anywhere at any time. First， you select the problem you would like to solve， then you list at least ten reasons why it has not been solved. （7） It takes just as much effort to solve a useless problem as a useful one. （8） After carefully—and I want to emphasize that word “carefully”—selecting the problem and the ten things between you and the solution， you then use the same procedure as in solving a crossword puzzle.（9）In the solution of the remaining obstacles you may need some simple apparatus， but the things you will probably need most are infinite patience and persistence. Few people realize the difficulties of doing any new thing. Maybe one of the reasons people are so easily discouraged is because of their education. During all our years at school we were examined two or three times a year. If we failed once， we were out. （10）If we are going to make progress， we must learn to fail intelligently so that we won't become discouraged at the 99.9 per cent failure. 9.（）
- A、Make sure the game is worth the candle.
- B、That is a step in the right direction， but I don't believe it is enough.
- C、You take the easy obstacles first and by a process of elimination you eventually arrive at the one or two major ones.
- D、But in selecting the problem， you need to be sure to analyze it carefully to see that it is worth the effort.
- E、Research isn't a physical thing at all； it's a state of mind.
- F、By contrast， all research work is 99. 9 per cent failure and， if we succeed once， we are in.
正确答案:C -
第20题：
单选题In the past 50 years, there _____ a great increase in the amount of research _____ on the human brain.Awas...did
Bhas been...to be done
Cwas...doing
Dhas been...done
正确答案： C解析：
根据in the past 50 years判断，需用现在完成时。过去分词短语和不定式都能做定语，但本句想表达的是已经做了的实验，因此应用过去分词表完成和被动，选项D正确。 -
第21题：
问答题练习14 Research has also been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.正确答案： 当人们撒谎时,行为会有一系列小的、看起来不重要的改变,对此人们也进行了研究。研究显示,如果人们在撒谎的同时坐下,他们倾向于比平时更频繁地在椅子上动来动去。解析： 暂无解析 -
第22题：
单选题Research Is a State of Mind For many years there has been much misunderstanding as to just what research is. The popular conception seems to be that there is something mysterious about it， and before any research can be done it is necessary to have expensive scientific apparatus and large， elaborately equipped laboratories. Actually， this is not so. （6） It is a simple， organized way of trying to accomplish something you wish to do—so simple that anyone can do research anywhere at any time. First， you select the problem you would like to solve， then you list at least ten reasons why it has not been solved. （7） It takes just as much effort to solve a useless problem as a useful one. （8） After carefully—and I want to emphasize that word “carefully”—selecting the problem and the ten things between you and the solution， you then use the same procedure as in solving a crossword puzzle.（9）In the solution of the remaining obstacles you may need some simple apparatus， but the things you will probably need most are infinite patience and persistence. Few people realize the difficulties of doing any new thing. Maybe one of the reasons people are so easily discouraged is because of their education. During all our years at school we were examined two or three times a year. If we failed once， we were out. （10）If we are going to make progress， we must learn to fail intelligently so that we won't become discouraged at the 99.9 per cent failure. 6.（）AMake sure the game is worth the candle.
BThat is a step in the right direction， but I don't believe it is enough.
CYou take the easy obstacles first and by a process of elimination you eventually arrive at the one or two major ones.
DBut in selecting the problem， you need to be sure to analyze it carefully to see that it is worth the effort.
EResearch isn't a physical thing at all； it's a state of mind.
FBy contrast， all research work is 99. 9 per cent failure and， if we succeed once， we are in.
正确答案： E解析： 联系上下文，上文阐述多年来人们对做研究有误解，认为在开始一项研究前，一定要有昂贵的设备才可以，下文阐述研究是任何人可以在任何地方任何时间做的事。因此空格处需要填入一个过渡句衔接上下文，E项符合条件。答案为E。 -
第23题：
单选题We can infer from the passage_______.Athe ice can easily just slip into the ocean
Bvolcanoes caused the ice to melt
Cmelting just in the Northern hemisphere would have been impossible
Dresearchers often use the computer models help their research work
正确答案： A解析： -
第24题：
单选题In the past 50 years, there _____ a great increase in the amount of research _____ on the human brain.Awas...did
Bhas been...to be done
Cwas...doing
Dhas been...done
正确答案： B解析：
根据in the past 50 years判断，需用现在完成时。过去分词短语和不定式都能做定语，但本句想表达的是已经做了的实验，因此应用过去分词表完成和被动，选项D正确。